Eutectic and bulk metallic glasses interpretation of Ca(Zr,Ti,Mg,Fe)-based binary biomedical materials via dual-cluster formulas model

Bulk metallic glasses formation is usually related to deep eutectic. They have unique properties which are different from crystalline alloys and get more and more attention, especially in the field of biomedical materials. This study attempts to develop general composition formulas to explain eutectic and relevant bulk metallic glasses, termed dual-cluster formulas model, written as C₁[(principal cluster)₁(glue atom)_{1 or 3}] + C₂[(principal cluster)₂(glue atom)_{1 or 3}]. Principal cluster is defined according to the close-packing efficiency and cluster separation, lever law is proposed to calculate the weight proportions C₁ and C₂, and the number of valence electrons \(e/u\) $e/u$ is examined for determining the glue atoms. Then the example of Ca-Mg system demonstrates the detailed procedures for establishing dual-cluster formulas model. Finally, eutectic and bulk metallic glasses of Ca(Zr,Ti,Mg,Fe)-based binary biomedical alloys are interpreted by dual-cluster formulas model. The work indicates that the compositions developed from dual-cluster formulas match the experimental results very well. Thus, a new practical method to quantitatively design bulk metallic glasses biomedical materials is proposed.