Gas liquid diffusion synthesis of Fe³⁺ doped Ni-Co nanospinel oxides: An investigation on structural-magnetic traits and mossbauer analysis

Herein for synthesis of Fe-doped NiCo₂O₄ nanospinel oxides ((NiFe_xCo_2−xO₄ (x ≤ 0.10), Fe→NiCo NSOs)) under ambient condition, method of a facile gas liquid diffusion was employed. Mossbauer spectroscopy, SEM together with EDX, XRD, TEM and VSM techniques have been used to determine the hyperfine interactions, morphology, structure, composition and magnetic characteristics of the products respectively. XRD and EDX analyses approved the absence of any secondary phase. Their crystallite is within 11–19 nm range. The products’ flower like morphology was proved by SEM analysis. Magnetic features of Fe→NiCo (x ≤ 0.10) NSOs are elucidated by the examination of magnetization vs. field curves conducted at both low (10 K) and high (300 K, RT) temperatures. This analysis reveals that these nanostructures manifest paramagnetic performance at RT and transition to a ferromagnetic essence at 10 K. Magnetization shows fluctuations with growing doping content. The obtained SQR (squareness ratio) values tend toward vanishing at RT and approach zero at 10 K, indicating that even at lower temperatures, Fe→NiCo (x ≤ 0.10) NSOs do not exhibit complete alignment like single domain ferromagnets. These findings emphasize the feasibility of tailoring the specific magnetic properties of Co-Ni NSOs through the precise modulation of Fe concentration. The Mössbauer spectra composed of two doublets.