Synthesis, structural, improved magnetic and electrical properties of Sr²⁺ doped BiFeO₃ multiferroic materials

The sol-gel approach prepared Sr-doped BiFeO₃ samples using citric acid as fuel. The structure, lattice dynamics, magnetization, and dielectric properties have all been studied using various techniques, including the LCR meter for dielectric analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of powdered Sr-doped BiFeO₃ shows the formation of a pure BiFeO₃ rhombohedral structure of the perovskite-type. The FESEM micrograph shows the morphology of the pallets of the samples unaffected by Sr doping at low concentrations. Vibrational modes surrounding the Fe–O–Fe stretching bonds are briefly described by FTIR spectra in transmittance mode. Moreover, it has been found that at room temperature, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent of the samples, evaluated in the frequency range of 100–10⁷ Hz, decrease significantly. The magnetic investigation results indicate that the saturation magnetization is slightly enhanced with an increased concentration of Sr²⁺. The pristine BiFeO₃ had the lowest remanent magnetization value. The ions’ saturation magnetization and remanence magnetization values reached 1.85 emu/g and 0.88 emu/g, respectively, at x = 0.25.