Broadband complementary ring-resonator based terahertz antenna for 6G application

This paper presents a novel metamaterial-based terahertz antenna designed to address the bandwidth requirements of future 6G wireless networks. By incorporating metamaterial etching in the ground plane, the antenna demonstrates the generation of new frequencies, significantly increasing bandwidth compared to conventional designs. Multiple terahertz antenna designs are formulated using varied metamaterial configurations, yielding disparate profiles of return loss and gain depending on the specific design types. For instance, the utilization of various metamaterial designs in microstrip patch antennas involves the incorporation of a singular unit cell. This deliberate modification enhances the generation of unique and optimized outcomes in terms of antenna performance. The utilization of a ring resonator, distinct from configurations involving singular cuts, dual cuts, and dual split rings, demonstrates the capability to manipulate and regulate the attributes of electromagnetic radiation, particularly within the terahertz and microwave frequency ranges.A singular cut antenna exhibited a return loss of \(-\) $-$ 32.6 dB and a gain of 5.16 dB. Upon transitioning to a dual cut configuration, an enhancement in performance was observed, with the return loss improving to \(-\) $-$ 49.91 dB and the gain increasing to 5.21 dB. However, when employing a dual split ring design, a substantial increase in return loss was noted, reaching − 57 dB. Although the gain of the dual split ring antenna surpassed that of the singular cut antenna, it fell short of the gain achieved by the dual cut configuration, measuring at 5.24 dB. The terahertz antenna is integrated into the ground plane, making use of metamaterial structures. The terahertz range (0.3 to 10 THz) offers advantages for communications, imaging, and detection due to its wider bandwidth compared to microwave wireless communications. The paper introduces an antenna design optimized for 6G applications, effectively mitigating the escalating need for enhanced frequency and expanded bandwidth requirements in communication systems.