Fish scale and eggshell conversion into hydroxyapatite: a route to dentistry treatment

In dentistry, hydroxyapatite (HAp) plays pivotal role for remineralization and protecting the teeth and helping to restore cavities. It is a combination of calcium and phosphorus salt, which is naturally available mineral from various sources. In the present study, HAp was extracted from fish scale and poultry eggshell by wet chemical methods. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) were adopted for the characterization of synthesized HAp from fish scales and poultry eggshell. The synthesized HAp of Ca/P molar ratio ranges from 1.58 to 1.75. It was formulated toothpaste and applied on demineralized teeth for 15 days. The cross sections of teeth showed the formation of tubular enamel. It showed irregular tubular to regular arrangment tubular appeared in HAp formulated tooth paste than fluoride toothpastes.