Allium hooshidaryae (Alliaceae)-based green-synthesized Fe₃O₄@MoS₂ core–shell nanoparticles coated with chitosan and investigating their biological properties

Fe₃O₄@MoS₂ core–shell nanoparticles have a wide range of potential uses in the field of biomedicine, including drug delivery, target therapies, and NIR-stimulated tumor therapy. Whenever using the risk-free nanosystem, it is very important to manufacture and cover core–shell Fe₃O₄@MoS₂ nanoparticles with a biodegradable substance. In the present research, Fe₃O₄@MoS₂ core–shell nanoparticles were green synthesized by applying Allium hooshidaryae plant extracted as a reducing and stabilizing agent and then coated with chitosan. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by several structural and physical techniques, like scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The MTT test and an in vitro antimicrobial assay were used to examine the biological properties of the final nanoparticles. SEM and TEM results revealed uniform distribution of spherical Fe₃O₄ NPs with the average size of 35.7 nm. Furthermore, TEM image revealed that the mean diameter of Fe₃O₄@MoS₂ core–shell NPs was approximately 52.7 nm that the Fe₃O₄ NPs were surrounded by MoS₂ nanosheet layers. Chitosan-coated green-synthesized Fe₃O₄@MoS₂ core–shell nanoparticles exhibited promising anti-cancer properties against the MCF-7 cell line with an IC₅₀ value of ~ 50.83% reduction at 1000 μg/mL in cell viability as well as good antibacterial capabilities of MBC 500 µg/mL and MBC 250 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. As a result, the synthesized nanoparticles have the potential to have useful benefits in future nanomedicine.