The enhanced galvanostatic and impedance studies of silver doped ZnAl₂O₄ anode material for Li/Na ion batteries

For the first of its kind ZnAl \(_{2}\) ${}_2$ O \(_{4}\) ${}_4$ : Ag (1–11 mol \(\%\) $\%$ ) nanomaterials (NMs) are synthesized using Tulsi leaves extract (calcination at 500  \(^{\circ }\) ${}^{\circ }$ C) and subjected to characterization. Structural and electrochemical properties are analyzed. Cubic structure is verified by the Bragg reflections. Both crystallite size and direct energy band gap was found to decrease with an increase in dopant concentration. On the surface morphology, there are numerous pores and hollows. The galvanostatic, CV, EIS spectra, Discharge profile and Cyclic life profile was performed for ZnAl \(_{2}\) ${}_2$ O \(_{4}\) ${}_4$ : Ag (1 and 11 mol \(\%\) $\%$ ) NPs. The CV analysis showed only a pair of oxidation peaks and only one reduction peak. According to records, the precise discharge and charge capabilities are 242/214, 196/184, 161/151, 140/126 and 126/115 at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2.5 C respectively. Additionally, at 2.5 C, the ZnAl \(_{2}\) ${}_2$ O \(_{4}\) ${}_4$ : Ag (1–11 mol%) anode exhibits the greatest cycle stability and Columbic efficiency even after 1000 cycles of cycling.