Numerical simulation and experimental investigation on the friction reduction properties of ZrO\(_2\) by laser surface texture

Zirconia ceramics have become a reliable material for mechanical components, such as plungers. This paper aimed to optimize bionic texture parameters to enhance the tribological properties of these components. We extracted profiles from fish scales and ant abdomens, then conducted numerical simulations and experiments to study the anti-friction properties of textured surfaces. Results showed that scale textures have a greater lubricant film carrying capacity and a wider positive pressure distribution than other types. Smaller texture depths had a higher energy conversion rate. Optimal area occupancy allowed for adequate secondary lubrication and the best anti-friction performance. Texture depth, shape, and area occupancy all affected the friction coefficient of zirconia ceramic samples. The sample with a scaled texture pattern had the best friction reduction with a texture depth of 20 \(\upmu\) $\mathrm{\mu }$ m and 10% area occupancy under light load, and 60 \(\upmu\) $\mathrm{\mu }$ m and 10% area occupancy under medium to heavy load. The numerical simulations and experimental results supported each other, providing theoretical guidance for optimal bionic texture parameter design under various application conditions.