Synthesis and characterization of magnetoelectric Ba₂Zn₂Fe₁₂O₂₂–PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃ electrospun core–shell nanofibers for the AC/DC magnetic field sensor application

Magnetoelectric one-dimensional Ba₂Zn₂Fe₁₂O₂₂–PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃ core–shell nanofibers for magnetic field sensor applications have been fabricated by using the sol–gel electrospinning technique. Their structural, functional, morphological, compositional, magnetic, dielectric, ferroelectric, and leakage current characteristics were extensively investigated at room temperature. In addition, their magnetoelectric and magnetodielectric properties were analyzed. The ability of the core–shell nanofibers to detect low-strength AC and DC magnetic fields was demonstrated by measuring the magnetoelectric voltage induced by the magnetic field. Additionally, the sensitivity of AC/DC field sensors, the linearity, accuracy, and hysteresis are discussed. The nanofibers exhibit a sensitivity of 730 V/T for the AC magnetic field and 650 V/T for the DC magnetic field at a resonance frequency of 8.3 kHz. The limit of detection and resolution of the AC and DC magnetic field sensors are also calculated and reported. As demonstrated through the experimental results, the Ba₂Zn₂Fe₁₂O₂₂–PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃ core–shell nanofibers are effective in detecting the DC and AC magnetic fields in millitesla and microtesla ranges at room temperature, respectively.