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<p>Coral populations in geographically marginal habitats appear to be expanding poleward because of elevated seawater temperatures. <i>Pocillopora</i> is an abundant and widely distributed coral genus in the Indo-Pacific region whose habitat range is expanding into high-latitude marginal habitats. However, not all <i>Pocillopora</i> are broadcast-spawning species with high dispersal potential. To reveal how high-latitude <i>Pocillopora</i> maintain their populations and expand habitat range, we analyzed the species composition, intraspecific clonal and genetic diversity, and genetic connectivity of <i>Pocillopora</i> among 11 sites around southwestern Shikoku, Japan (32.8–33.0°N, 132.5–132.9°E), including marginal populations. The mitochondrial open reading frame showed that the colonies were <i>Pocillopora damicornis</i> and the haplotypes were uniform within clonal colonies (i.e., genetically identical clonemates). From 233 colonies, we detected 27 genetically different multilocus lineages by 146 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism loci. Genetic diversity did not decrease even at high-latitude sites. Clonal colonies were shared among most sites, and the longest distance between clonal replicates found was 32.7 km. This indicates that, surprisingly, populations of this species maintain genetic connectivity among distant sites by recruitment of asexual planula larvae. The genetic structure of the population was complex and therefore likely results from the historical dispersal of asexual planula larvae. We found that the northern populations are locally maintained by one or a few clones; high clonality was particularly observed at northward sites. Dispersal potential may contribute to poleward expansion of populations due to ocean warming.</p>

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Clonal distribution and clone-dependent irregular genetic structure in northern-limit populations of Pocillopora damicornis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月13日

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  • Yuichi Nakajima,
  • Yuko F. Kitano,
  • Hiroya Abe,
  • Naoki H. Kumagai,
  • Nobuyoshi Nakajima,
  • Natsuko I. Kondo,
  • Masako Nakamura,
  • Hiroya Yamano

摘要

Coral populations in geographically marginal habitats appear to be expanding poleward because of elevated seawater temperatures. Pocillopora is an abundant and widely distributed coral genus in the Indo-Pacific region whose habitat range is expanding into high-latitude marginal habitats. However, not all Pocillopora are broadcast-spawning species with high dispersal potential. To reveal how high-latitude Pocillopora maintain their populations and expand habitat range, we analyzed the species composition, intraspecific clonal and genetic diversity, and genetic connectivity of Pocillopora among 11 sites around southwestern Shikoku, Japan (32.8–33.0°N, 132.5–132.9°E), including marginal populations. The mitochondrial open reading frame showed that the colonies were Pocillopora damicornis and the haplotypes were uniform within clonal colonies (i.e., genetically identical clonemates). From 233 colonies, we detected 27 genetically different multilocus lineages by 146 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism loci. Genetic diversity did not decrease even at high-latitude sites. Clonal colonies were shared among most sites, and the longest distance between clonal replicates found was 32.7 km. This indicates that, surprisingly, populations of this species maintain genetic connectivity among distant sites by recruitment of asexual planula larvae. The genetic structure of the population was complex and therefore likely results from the historical dispersal of asexual planula larvae. We found that the northern populations are locally maintained by one or a few clones; high clonality was particularly observed at northward sites. Dispersal potential may contribute to poleward expansion of populations due to ocean warming.