Scholarlink

<p>The Bunaken–Manado Bay waters, located within a national marine conservation park in the Coral Triangle, are influenced by internal waves propagating from the northwestern Sulawesi Sea. Using a dense array of low-cost temperature sensors deployed in shallow reef waters, we observe the shoaling of internal solitary waves that generate near-bottom cold-water intrusions. These events produce rapid vertical displacements of isotherms and disrupt the local thermal structure near the seabed. We quantify heat content anomalies linked to a distinct internal wave bolus event. The bolus caused a rapid reduction in near-bottom heat content, followed by continued heat loss after the event. Comparison with ERA5-derived surface heat fluxes reveals that the observed subsurface cooling occurs despite positive daytime surface heating, demonstrating a decoupling between surface forcing and near-bottom thermal response. These results indicate that internal-wave-driven bolus events play an important role in regulating thermal variability and mixing in shallow reef environments, highlighting the need to consider internal wave processes when assessing thermal conditions and physical stress in coral reef systems.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Preliminary evidence of cold-water intrusions in the Bunaken reef waters, Indonesia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

查看全文
  • Adi Purwandana,
  • Mochamad Riza Iskandar,
  • Agus Saleh Atmadipoera,
  • Anindya Wirasatriya,
  • Dwiyoga Nugroho,
  • Edi Kusmanto,
  • Zheng Wang,
  • I Wayan Sumardana Eka Putra,
  • Yannis Cuypers

摘要

The Bunaken–Manado Bay waters, located within a national marine conservation park in the Coral Triangle, are influenced by internal waves propagating from the northwestern Sulawesi Sea. Using a dense array of low-cost temperature sensors deployed in shallow reef waters, we observe the shoaling of internal solitary waves that generate near-bottom cold-water intrusions. These events produce rapid vertical displacements of isotherms and disrupt the local thermal structure near the seabed. We quantify heat content anomalies linked to a distinct internal wave bolus event. The bolus caused a rapid reduction in near-bottom heat content, followed by continued heat loss after the event. Comparison with ERA5-derived surface heat fluxes reveals that the observed subsurface cooling occurs despite positive daytime surface heating, demonstrating a decoupling between surface forcing and near-bottom thermal response. These results indicate that internal-wave-driven bolus events play an important role in regulating thermal variability and mixing in shallow reef environments, highlighting the need to consider internal wave processes when assessing thermal conditions and physical stress in coral reef systems.