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<p>Coral symbionts span a spectrum from strictly mutualistic to highly opportunistic species. <i>Symbiodinium necroappetens</i>, an opportunistic member of the Symbiodiniaceae family and a putative necrophile of dead coral tissue, was previously reported as endemic to the Caribbean. In this study, Symbiodiniaceae strains were characterized by ITS2 barcoding during the most severe thermal anomaly ever recorded at the Abrolhos Bank (Brazil) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO). Following the heatwave, the relative abundance and prevalence of <i>Symbiodinium necroappetens</i> increased dramatically, rising from undetectable levels prior to the event to as high as 73% and 100%, respectively. ITS2 sequences remained detectable four years after the initial observation. This represents the first report of the species outside the Caribbean. Our findings suggest that we are likely witnessing a heat-driven proliferation of <i>S. necroappetens</i> in SWAO corals. Given the increasing frequency and intensity of oceanic thermal anomalies, ongoing surveillance of opportunistic microalgae is critical for the effective management of the Abrolhos reef system.</p>

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Symbiodinium necroappetens outbreak and persistence in Southwestern Atlantic corals following a bleaching event

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月23日

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  • Livia B. Villela,
  • Yuri R. A. Aiube,
  • Arthur W. Silva-Lima,
  • Rodrigo L. Moura,
  • Paulo S. Salomon

摘要

Coral symbionts span a spectrum from strictly mutualistic to highly opportunistic species. Symbiodinium necroappetens, an opportunistic member of the Symbiodiniaceae family and a putative necrophile of dead coral tissue, was previously reported as endemic to the Caribbean. In this study, Symbiodiniaceae strains were characterized by ITS2 barcoding during the most severe thermal anomaly ever recorded at the Abrolhos Bank (Brazil) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO). Following the heatwave, the relative abundance and prevalence of Symbiodinium necroappetens increased dramatically, rising from undetectable levels prior to the event to as high as 73% and 100%, respectively. ITS2 sequences remained detectable four years after the initial observation. This represents the first report of the species outside the Caribbean. Our findings suggest that we are likely witnessing a heat-driven proliferation of S. necroappetens in SWAO corals. Given the increasing frequency and intensity of oceanic thermal anomalies, ongoing surveillance of opportunistic microalgae is critical for the effective management of the Abrolhos reef system.