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<p>Corals reefs rely on local hydrodynamics—mean currents, turbulence, and waves—for nutrient acquisition and larval dispersion. This study investigates how waves influence the transport and mixing of scalar (dye) concentrations, a proxy for nutrients and larvae, through experiments in a wave-current flume with a 3-D printed coral canopy. Dye releases were conducted at six vertical positions, ranging from within the corals to near the free surface, to examine how mixing mechanisms change when waves are added to a background current. We found that waves enhanced connectivity throughout the entire water column. Within the free stream (above the corals), waves increased diffusivity by up to <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="338_2025_2642_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(40\%\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>40</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. At the canopy-free stream interface, the dye more quickly became entrained into the canopy with the addition of waves. Within the canopy, waves enhanced connectivity through a “pumping and trapping” mechanism related to the interplay between the asymmetrical currents induced by the waves and trapping within the canopy dead zones. The experimental results presented here suggest the presence of waves can significantly alter nutrient, larvae, and dissolved oxygen transport processes.</p>

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Wave-influenced connectivity and transport in submerged coral canopies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月7日

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  • J. F. Hamilton,
  • S. G. Monismith,
  • J. R. Koseff

摘要

Corals reefs rely on local hydrodynamics—mean currents, turbulence, and waves—for nutrient acquisition and larval dispersion. This study investigates how waves influence the transport and mixing of scalar (dye) concentrations, a proxy for nutrients and larvae, through experiments in a wave-current flume with a 3-D printed coral canopy. Dye releases were conducted at six vertical positions, ranging from within the corals to near the free surface, to examine how mixing mechanisms change when waves are added to a background current. We found that waves enhanced connectivity throughout the entire water column. Within the free stream (above the corals), waves increased diffusivity by up to \(40\%\) 40 % . At the canopy-free stream interface, the dye more quickly became entrained into the canopy with the addition of waves. Within the canopy, waves enhanced connectivity through a “pumping and trapping” mechanism related to the interplay between the asymmetrical currents induced by the waves and trapping within the canopy dead zones. The experimental results presented here suggest the presence of waves can significantly alter nutrient, larvae, and dissolved oxygen transport processes.