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<p>The present archaeobotanical investigation of the site of Jognakhera, a Bara culture settlement in the Ghaggar (probable Vedic Saraswati) river basin of northwestern India, reveals a range of crops consistent with the farming traditions of the Indus civilisation, indicating continuity beyond the Meghalayan drought (4.2&#xa0;ka) in the upper Indus region. The Bara culture emerged at the same time as the late phase of the Indus Urban Period at around 2300 <span>bce</span>. We did macrobotanical analyses and directly dated grains and seeds of crops from the site to reconstruct the farming practices of this culture. The results show the predominance of the Indus crop package (both winter and summer crops), reflecting the persistence of Indus farming strategies during the late Holocene. The directly dated rice grain further suggests interaction with the Gangetic Plain (North Indian Plain), possibly through direct contacts or migration of people. Significant representation of legumes in the assemblages from both summer and winter crops indicate crop rotation. The crop and pottery assemblages from Jognakhera closely resemble those from the upper Indus valley and Painted Grey Ware sites, supporting cultural continuity rather than decline. The evidence implies an eastward migration of people from the lower Indus region during the late Holocene in response to environmental stress from a drier climate. Further excavations and systematic archaeobotanical investigations of Late Indus phase, Bara and Painted Grey Ware sites could provide further insights into migration and cultural continuity.</p>

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Archaeobotanical data from a Baran settlement (4,300–3,400 yrs bp) in the Ghaggar basin (northwestern India) reveals continuity of the Indus crop package after the Meghalayan stage drought

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Mansi Swaroop,
  • Shalini Sharma,
  • Ruchita Yadav,
  • Xiaoyan Yang,
  • Guanghui Dong,
  • Akinori Uesugi,
  • Srinivas Bikkina,
  • Alka Srivastava,
  • Rahul Kumar,
  • Anil K. Pokharia

摘要

The present archaeobotanical investigation of the site of Jognakhera, a Bara culture settlement in the Ghaggar (probable Vedic Saraswati) river basin of northwestern India, reveals a range of crops consistent with the farming traditions of the Indus civilisation, indicating continuity beyond the Meghalayan drought (4.2 ka) in the upper Indus region. The Bara culture emerged at the same time as the late phase of the Indus Urban Period at around 2300 bce. We did macrobotanical analyses and directly dated grains and seeds of crops from the site to reconstruct the farming practices of this culture. The results show the predominance of the Indus crop package (both winter and summer crops), reflecting the persistence of Indus farming strategies during the late Holocene. The directly dated rice grain further suggests interaction with the Gangetic Plain (North Indian Plain), possibly through direct contacts or migration of people. Significant representation of legumes in the assemblages from both summer and winter crops indicate crop rotation. The crop and pottery assemblages from Jognakhera closely resemble those from the upper Indus valley and Painted Grey Ware sites, supporting cultural continuity rather than decline. The evidence implies an eastward migration of people from the lower Indus region during the late Holocene in response to environmental stress from a drier climate. Further excavations and systematic archaeobotanical investigations of Late Indus phase, Bara and Painted Grey Ware sites could provide further insights into migration and cultural continuity.