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<p>This study provides a palaeoenvironmental framework for understanding human–environment interactions in a key region within the Lower Danube Plain, central to the flourishing Chalcolithic Kodjadermen–Gumelnița–Karanovo culture. Based on pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, sedimentary charcoal, sedimentology, and archaeobotanical macro-remain data, a human palaeoecological scenario covering the last 7,340&#xa0;years is proposed in the proximity of the Sultana tell settlement. The first farming communities settled in the lower Mostiștea Valley region in a thermophilous wooded steppe area and a moist floodplain. Following their immediate establishment around 5350&#xa0;cal <span>bc</span> on the lakeshore<b>,</b> our data show limited exploitation and change of the local environment. After 5180&#xa0;cal <span>bc</span>, significant landscape transformation is reflected by the massive deforestation and expanding farming, caused by the Boian communities. Towards the end of the Chalcolithic (4300–3900&#xa0;cal <span>bc</span>) an overall decrease in human pressure is evidenced, followed by a transition towards itinerant pastoralism in the subsequent period, associated with the Cernavoda North Pontic Steppe group. During the Late Bronze Age (1420–1150&#xa0;cal <span>bc</span>) and the Iron Age (1150–300&#xa0;cal <span>bc</span>) enhanced cultivation and periodic grazing pressure are documented, while woodland remains resilient. However, progressive forest clearances resumed around 300&#xa0;cal <span>bc</span> and intensified significantly during the Medieval period, particularly between cal <span>ad</span> 950 and 1575, accompanied by extensive crop cultivation and high local and regional grazing pressure. As a result, the landscape transformed into a mosaic of cultivated fields and pastures, a pattern that has been maintained to the present day.</p>

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Exploring human–landscape interactions in the Northern Balkans: Mostiștea Valley, from the Chalcolithic to Medieval Times

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月28日

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  • Diana Hanganu,
  • Angelica Feurdean,
  • Gabriela Florescu,
  • Mihaela Dobre,
  • Laurențiu Țuțuianu,
  • Luminița Preoteasa,
  • Mihaela Golea,
  • Cristina Covataru,
  • Maria Ilie,
  • Adrian Bălășescu,
  • Cătălin Lazăr,
  • Alfred Vespremeanu-Stroe

摘要

This study provides a palaeoenvironmental framework for understanding human–environment interactions in a key region within the Lower Danube Plain, central to the flourishing Chalcolithic Kodjadermen–Gumelnița–Karanovo culture. Based on pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, sedimentary charcoal, sedimentology, and archaeobotanical macro-remain data, a human palaeoecological scenario covering the last 7,340 years is proposed in the proximity of the Sultana tell settlement. The first farming communities settled in the lower Mostiștea Valley region in a thermophilous wooded steppe area and a moist floodplain. Following their immediate establishment around 5350 cal bc on the lakeshore, our data show limited exploitation and change of the local environment. After 5180 cal bc, significant landscape transformation is reflected by the massive deforestation and expanding farming, caused by the Boian communities. Towards the end of the Chalcolithic (4300–3900 cal bc) an overall decrease in human pressure is evidenced, followed by a transition towards itinerant pastoralism in the subsequent period, associated with the Cernavoda North Pontic Steppe group. During the Late Bronze Age (1420–1150 cal bc) and the Iron Age (1150–300 cal bc) enhanced cultivation and periodic grazing pressure are documented, while woodland remains resilient. However, progressive forest clearances resumed around 300 cal bc and intensified significantly during the Medieval period, particularly between cal ad 950 and 1575, accompanied by extensive crop cultivation and high local and regional grazing pressure. As a result, the landscape transformed into a mosaic of cultivated fields and pastures, a pattern that has been maintained to the present day.