Hamiltonian Aspects of the Kinetic Equation for Soliton Gas

We investigate Hamiltonian aspects of the integro-differential kinetic equation for dense soliton gas which results as a thermodynamic limit of the Whitham equations. Under a delta-functional ansatz, the kinetic equation reduces to a non-diagonalisable system of hydrodynamic type whose matrix consists of several \(2\times 2\) $2\times 2$ Jordan blocks. We demonstrate that the resulting system possesses local Hamiltonian structures of differential-geometric type, for all standard two-soliton interaction kernels (KdV, sinh-Gordon, hard-rod, Lieb–Liniger, DNLS, and separable cases). In the hard-rod case, we show that the continuum limit of these structures provides a local multi-Hamiltonian formulation of the full kinetic equation.