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<p>At the southern end of the Americas, the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR) hosts a unique and diverse array of forest birds. The survival of these birds is increasingly challenged by a combination of anthropogenic and environmental factors such as the spread of zoonotic diseases, including infection by avian malaria (<i>Plasmodium</i>) and related parasites (<i>Haemoproteus</i> and <i>Leucocytozoon</i>) from the Order Haemosporidia. These haemosporidian parasites have likely long been present in the CHBR due to the presence of long-distance migrants that winter in malaria hotspots. Until recently, however, there has not been a competent malaria vector in the region to mediate transmission between migrants and resident birds. In 2015, probably linked to global climate change and higher connectivity, the presence of novel potential malaria vectors (Culicidae spp.) was first detected in the region. We examined the prevalence and identified strains of avian malaria infection in the forest bird communities of the CHBR using two complementary techniques – microscopy and PCR-based genetic analyses. We detected haemosporidian infection in 65 birds (29.15%) across 10 species, including seven that are year-long residents of the CHBR. Importantly, and in contrast to previous studies of avian malaria in the region, we detected all three haemosporidian parasite genera in resident birds. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of <i>Plasmodium</i> and <i>Haemoproteus</i> infection in resident birds of the CHBR. Our findings indicate that avian malaria is now part of the avian community dynamics of the remote sub-Antarctic ecoregions including Navarino Island and Yendegaia National Park.</p>

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First detection of avian malaria parasites Plasmodium and Haemoproteus in resident forest birds of cape horn biosphere reserve, Chile

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月26日

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  • Benton Hendrickson,
  • Maria González-Moraga,
  • Omar Barroso,
  • Courtney Buchanan,
  • Carmen Burkett,
  • Francesca Burkett,
  • Garrison Gerrard,
  • Desiree Jackson,
  • Barbara Kalta,
  • Katarina Kieleczawa,
  • Jonathan Lautenbach,
  • Amanda Long,
  • Cristal Martinez,
  • Reilly Neville,
  • Bianca M. Wimmer,
  • Sydney Rosenkrantz,
  • Mary Sellars,
  • Issabella Serrani Gallego,
  • Carleigh Stein,
  • Pantea Tehari,
  • Erin Todd,
  • Sara van der Leek,
  • Emily A. Wright,
  • Ricardo Rozzi,
  • Andrew. J. Gregory

摘要

At the southern end of the Americas, the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR) hosts a unique and diverse array of forest birds. The survival of these birds is increasingly challenged by a combination of anthropogenic and environmental factors such as the spread of zoonotic diseases, including infection by avian malaria (Plasmodium) and related parasites (Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon) from the Order Haemosporidia. These haemosporidian parasites have likely long been present in the CHBR due to the presence of long-distance migrants that winter in malaria hotspots. Until recently, however, there has not been a competent malaria vector in the region to mediate transmission between migrants and resident birds. In 2015, probably linked to global climate change and higher connectivity, the presence of novel potential malaria vectors (Culicidae spp.) was first detected in the region. We examined the prevalence and identified strains of avian malaria infection in the forest bird communities of the CHBR using two complementary techniques – microscopy and PCR-based genetic analyses. We detected haemosporidian infection in 65 birds (29.15%) across 10 species, including seven that are year-long residents of the CHBR. Importantly, and in contrast to previous studies of avian malaria in the region, we detected all three haemosporidian parasite genera in resident birds. To our knowledge, this is the first detection of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus infection in resident birds of the CHBR. Our findings indicate that avian malaria is now part of the avian community dynamics of the remote sub-Antarctic ecoregions including Navarino Island and Yendegaia National Park.