<p>Nitrogen, an essential element for life, undergoes diverse transformations as it circulates through the marine environment. Biogeochemistry of the nitrogen cycle in the Arctic Ocean changes rapidly due to climate change. Alterations in circulation patterns, significant loss of sea ice, and greater freshwater runoff, causing changes in the distribution of nitrogen inventory in the Arctic Ocean. These changes have cascading effects on marine life, affecting primary productivity and the food web dynamics. Moreover, the substantial interconnections of the nitrogen cycle with climate change are evident, with nitrogen compounds like nitrous oxide acting as potent greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Nitrous oxide is produced through microbial processes such as nitrification and denitrification. While nitrogen has traditionally received less attention than carbon in climate discourse, its role is increasingly recognized as vital. A comprehensive understanding of the complexities involved in these processes is essential for formulating strategies that reduce nitrous oxide emissions and promote a more balanced nitrogen cycle within the Arctic ecosystems. This review is focused on understanding how the nitrogen cycle responds to climate-induced changes. By addressing current challenges, knowledge gaps, and future directions, this synthesis contributes toward sustainable policy strategies for effective climate change mitigation and maintaining nitrogen balance in Arctic ecosystems.</p>