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Key message <p>Propiconazole reveals a BraBZR1-BraGRP5 transcriptional module that promotes leaf growth via cell expansion in Flowering Chinese cabbage.</p> Abstract <p>Flowering Chinese cabbage, also known as Caixin (<i>Brassica rapa</i> ssp. <i>chinensis</i> var. <i>parachinensis</i>), plays a significant and industrial role, particularly in South China. Propiconazole (PCZ), a triazole fungicide, is widely used in leafy vegetable production as a brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis inhibitor to improve plant architecture and marketability. However, the molecular mechanism by which PCZ regulates leaf growth in Flowering Chinese cabbage remains poorly understood. Through transcriptome analysis of PCZ-treated plants, we identified a glycine-rich protein 5 (<i>BraGRP5</i>). <i>BraGRP5</i> expression was highest in cotyledons, leaves, flowers, and siliques, and was induced by BR application. Functional studies demonstrated that <i>BraGRP5</i> acts as a positive regulator of leaf growth, as overexpression (OE) lines developed larger leaves, while RNA interference (RNAi) and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) lines had smaller leaves. RNA-seq analysis of <i>BraGRP5</i>-overexpressing lines identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in hormone signaling and cell wall remodeling pathways. Furthermore, we established that the transcription factor (TF) BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (<i>BraBZR1</i>) directly binds to the <i>BraGRP5</i> promoter and activates its transcription, forming a BraBZR1-BraGRP5 transcriptional module. Our findings demonstrate that <i>BraGRP5</i> promotes leaf growth by stimulating cell expansion and define a key BR-mediated regulatory pathway in <i>B. rapa</i>, with PCZ serving as the critical experimental catalyst that enabled the discovery of this novel molecular module.</p>

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The BZR1-GRP5 module regulates leaf growth by altering cell wall metabolism in Flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Wei Su,
  • Xi Ou,
  • Kemin Chen,
  • Shengyi Yao,
  • Jiali Song,
  • Huicong Wang,
  • Houchen Liu,
  • Shiwei Song,
  • Rahat Sharif,
  • Riyuan Chen

摘要

Key message

Propiconazole reveals a BraBZR1-BraGRP5 transcriptional module that promotes leaf growth via cell expansion in Flowering Chinese cabbage.

Abstract

Flowering Chinese cabbage, also known as Caixin (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis), plays a significant and industrial role, particularly in South China. Propiconazole (PCZ), a triazole fungicide, is widely used in leafy vegetable production as a brassinosteroid (BR) biosynthesis inhibitor to improve plant architecture and marketability. However, the molecular mechanism by which PCZ regulates leaf growth in Flowering Chinese cabbage remains poorly understood. Through transcriptome analysis of PCZ-treated plants, we identified a glycine-rich protein 5 (BraGRP5). BraGRP5 expression was highest in cotyledons, leaves, flowers, and siliques, and was induced by BR application. Functional studies demonstrated that BraGRP5 acts as a positive regulator of leaf growth, as overexpression (OE) lines developed larger leaves, while RNA interference (RNAi) and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) lines had smaller leaves. RNA-seq analysis of BraGRP5-overexpressing lines identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in hormone signaling and cell wall remodeling pathways. Furthermore, we established that the transcription factor (TF) BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BraBZR1) directly binds to the BraGRP5 promoter and activates its transcription, forming a BraBZR1-BraGRP5 transcriptional module. Our findings demonstrate that BraGRP5 promotes leaf growth by stimulating cell expansion and define a key BR-mediated regulatory pathway in B. rapa, with PCZ serving as the critical experimental catalyst that enabled the discovery of this novel molecular module.