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Key message <p><b>Genome-wide analysis of LBD genes in</b> <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Sapindus mukorossi</Emphasis> <b>identifies</b> <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">SmuLBD26</Emphasis><b>, whose overexpression causes anther malformation and male sterility, offering insights for non-model tree breeding.</b></p> Abstract <p>The <i>LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD)</i> gene family is a plant-specific family of transcription factors which regulate various physiological processes in plants, including the development of lateral organs, cell fate determination, regeneration processes, stress responses, and reproductive organ development. However, the biological functions of <i>LBD</i> genes in <i>Sapindus mukorossi</i> (soapberry), a tree species with significant economic and ecological value, remain unknown. Understanding male sterility in soapberry is important for facilitating hybrid breeding and improving fruit yield. This study aimed to systematically identify <i>LBD</i> family members in soapberry and explore their potential roles in regulating male sterility. A genome-wide analysis of <i>LBD</i> genes was conducted in soapberry and 29 <i>SmuLBD</i> genes distributed across 12 chromosomes were identified. Gene structure and phylogenetic analyses reveal that all genes contain the LOB (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES) conserved motif and indicate <i>LBD</i> genes are conserved in both sequence and function during evolution. Subsequent co-expression network analysis and expression analyses identified <i>SmuLBD26</i> as a key candidate gene with potential role in the regulation of male sterility. Overexpression of <i>SmuLBD26</i> in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (<i>Arabidopsis</i>) was found to deform another development, cause pollen abortion, and reduce the rate of seed setting. These findings elucidate the structural and expression features of the <i>LBD</i> gene family in soapberry, and identify <i>SmuLBD26</i> as a key regulator underlying male sterility. This work not only extends our understanding of <i>LBD</i> gene function in non-model woody species, but also provides a reliable candidate gene for molecular breeding of male-sterile lines in soapberry.</p>

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Genome-wide characterization of the LBD gene family in Sapindus mukorossi and functional analysis of the role of SmuLBD26 in male sterility

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Wentong Wu,
  • Ningyi Chen,
  • Guochun Zhao,
  • Zhong Chen

摘要

Key message

Genome-wide analysis of LBD genes in Sapindus mukorossi identifies SmuLBD26, whose overexpression causes anther malformation and male sterility, offering insights for non-model tree breeding.

Abstract

The LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) gene family is a plant-specific family of transcription factors which regulate various physiological processes in plants, including the development of lateral organs, cell fate determination, regeneration processes, stress responses, and reproductive organ development. However, the biological functions of LBD genes in Sapindus mukorossi (soapberry), a tree species with significant economic and ecological value, remain unknown. Understanding male sterility in soapberry is important for facilitating hybrid breeding and improving fruit yield. This study aimed to systematically identify LBD family members in soapberry and explore their potential roles in regulating male sterility. A genome-wide analysis of LBD genes was conducted in soapberry and 29 SmuLBD genes distributed across 12 chromosomes were identified. Gene structure and phylogenetic analyses reveal that all genes contain the LOB (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES) conserved motif and indicate LBD genes are conserved in both sequence and function during evolution. Subsequent co-expression network analysis and expression analyses identified SmuLBD26 as a key candidate gene with potential role in the regulation of male sterility. Overexpression of SmuLBD26 in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) was found to deform another development, cause pollen abortion, and reduce the rate of seed setting. These findings elucidate the structural and expression features of the LBD gene family in soapberry, and identify SmuLBD26 as a key regulator underlying male sterility. This work not only extends our understanding of LBD gene function in non-model woody species, but also provides a reliable candidate gene for molecular breeding of male-sterile lines in soapberry.