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Key message <p><b>Calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) effectively mitigate vanadium-induced toxicity in rapeseed by enhancing plant growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, and nutrient uptake while reducing vanadium accumulation.</b></p> Abstract <p>Among variety of heavy metals (HMs), vanadium (V) is an important and most ruinous metal found in the earth crust. Use of nanoparticles is emerged as an important strategy with promising discretions for the solution of HMs induced drastic effects on plants. This study intended to determine how calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) could alleviate V stress in rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) plants through modulation of physiological parameters, activation of antioxidant defense systems, and regulation of stress-responsive gene expression. A greenhouse experiment was performed and utilized spherical CaONPs and size 8–20&#xa0;nm as foliar and soil application to mitigate the V toxicity in rapeseed plants. The three levels of CaONPs (10,20, and 30&#xa0;mg&#xa0;L&#xa0;<sup>−1</sup>) were applied via foliar and soil application to the rapeseed plants grown under V polluted soil (40&#xa0;mg&#xa0;kg&#xa0;<sup>−1</sup> soil). The application of CaONPs (S-30/40 and F-30/40) significantly improved plant physiological attributes such as plant fresh weight (75.16% and 134.86%), dry weight (183.88% and 284.36%), and root length (49.64% and 101.59%) as compared to V-treated plants. Photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange attributes showed a notable improvement with the application of CaONPs (S-30/40 and F-30/40). Besides this, antioxidant enzymes activities such as SOD (68.62 – 95.43%), CAT (92.67 – 161.48%), POD (35.50 – 49.04%) and APX (52.08 – 91.14%) were increased with CaONPs (S-30/40—F-30/40) while decreased the reactive oxygen production in rapeseed plant grown in V-stressed plants. The CaONPs application also effectively improved nutrient uptake like N, P, K, Mn, Mg, and Ca and inhibited the V accumulation in root and shoot under V-polluted soil. The results imply that CaONPs use might play a major role in sustainable farming in promoting crop tolerance to HM conditions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Combatting vanadium toxicity in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) via soil amendment and foliar application of calcium oxide nanoparticles: insights into physio-biochemical and antioxidant defense mechanisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月27日

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  • Muhammad Mohsin Altaf,
  • Afrah E. Mohammed,
  • Modhi O. Alotaibi,
  • Motirh Al-Mutairi,
  • Jun Wang

摘要

Key message

Calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) effectively mitigate vanadium-induced toxicity in rapeseed by enhancing plant growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant defense, and nutrient uptake while reducing vanadium accumulation.

Abstract

Among variety of heavy metals (HMs), vanadium (V) is an important and most ruinous metal found in the earth crust. Use of nanoparticles is emerged as an important strategy with promising discretions for the solution of HMs induced drastic effects on plants. This study intended to determine how calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) could alleviate V stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants through modulation of physiological parameters, activation of antioxidant defense systems, and regulation of stress-responsive gene expression. A greenhouse experiment was performed and utilized spherical CaONPs and size 8–20 nm as foliar and soil application to mitigate the V toxicity in rapeseed plants. The three levels of CaONPs (10,20, and 30 mg L −1) were applied via foliar and soil application to the rapeseed plants grown under V polluted soil (40 mg kg −1 soil). The application of CaONPs (S-30/40 and F-30/40) significantly improved plant physiological attributes such as plant fresh weight (75.16% and 134.86%), dry weight (183.88% and 284.36%), and root length (49.64% and 101.59%) as compared to V-treated plants. Photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange attributes showed a notable improvement with the application of CaONPs (S-30/40 and F-30/40). Besides this, antioxidant enzymes activities such as SOD (68.62 – 95.43%), CAT (92.67 – 161.48%), POD (35.50 – 49.04%) and APX (52.08 – 91.14%) were increased with CaONPs (S-30/40—F-30/40) while decreased the reactive oxygen production in rapeseed plant grown in V-stressed plants. The CaONPs application also effectively improved nutrient uptake like N, P, K, Mn, Mg, and Ca and inhibited the V accumulation in root and shoot under V-polluted soil. The results imply that CaONPs use might play a major role in sustainable farming in promoting crop tolerance to HM conditions.

Graphical abstract