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Key message <p><i>Zygophyllum xanthoxylum</i> possesses a distinct HSP70 clade, within which selected members show strong heat-induced expression and enhance thermotolerance in Arabidopsis.</p> Abstract <p>Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family members are highly conserved molecular chaperones that play important roles in maintaining cellular proteostasis under heat stress. Although the HSP70 family has been widely studied in model plants and crops, it remains unexplored in <i>Zygophyllum xanthoxylum</i>, a typical xerophyte with remarkable thermotolerance. Here, we systematically identified 25 <i>ZxHSP70</i> genes distributed across nine chromosomes of <i>Z. xanthoxylum</i>, and comprehensively analyzed their classification, phylogeny, duplication events, gene structures and cis-regulatory elements. The genome-wide comparative analyses of HSP70 families in 17 representative species, ranging from algae to mesophytes and drought-adapted species, revealed an overall expansion of the HSP70 family during the evolutionary transition from aquatic plants to terrestrial plants. In <i>Z. xanthoxylum</i>, the expansion of the ZxHSP70 family was primarily driven by whole-genome duplication, with strong purifying selection acting to maintain its functional integrity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 332 HSP70 protein sequences from these species clustered into six distinct clades, among which Clade VI was composed exclusively of HSP70 members from the xerophytes <i>Z. xanthoxylum</i> and <i>Tetraena mongolica</i>. Transcriptome profiles and RT-qPCR analyses further showed that several Clade VI members in <i>Z. xanthoxylum</i>, including <i>ZxHSP70-3/5/8</i>, were significantly upregulated under high temperature conditions. Functional analyses further demonstrated that overexpression of <i>ZxHSP70-3/5/8</i> enhanced thermotolerance in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>, and <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>. Together, these findings lay a foundation for further elucidating the regulation mechanisms of HSP70s in xerophytes and provide valuable genetic resources for enhancing crop thermotolerance.</p>

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Genome-wide analysis of HSP70 family in Zygophyllum xanthoxylum and its heat stress response in Arabidopsis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月12日

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  • Wan-Peng Bai,
  • Tian-Qiong Wang,
  • Qin Liu,
  • Hu-Jun Li,
  • Li Wei,
  • Suo-Min Wang

摘要

Key message

Zygophyllum xanthoxylum possesses a distinct HSP70 clade, within which selected members show strong heat-induced expression and enhance thermotolerance in Arabidopsis.

Abstract

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family members are highly conserved molecular chaperones that play important roles in maintaining cellular proteostasis under heat stress. Although the HSP70 family has been widely studied in model plants and crops, it remains unexplored in Zygophyllum xanthoxylum, a typical xerophyte with remarkable thermotolerance. Here, we systematically identified 25 ZxHSP70 genes distributed across nine chromosomes of Z. xanthoxylum, and comprehensively analyzed their classification, phylogeny, duplication events, gene structures and cis-regulatory elements. The genome-wide comparative analyses of HSP70 families in 17 representative species, ranging from algae to mesophytes and drought-adapted species, revealed an overall expansion of the HSP70 family during the evolutionary transition from aquatic plants to terrestrial plants. In Z. xanthoxylum, the expansion of the ZxHSP70 family was primarily driven by whole-genome duplication, with strong purifying selection acting to maintain its functional integrity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 332 HSP70 protein sequences from these species clustered into six distinct clades, among which Clade VI was composed exclusively of HSP70 members from the xerophytes Z. xanthoxylum and Tetraena mongolica. Transcriptome profiles and RT-qPCR analyses further showed that several Clade VI members in Z. xanthoxylum, including ZxHSP70-3/5/8, were significantly upregulated under high temperature conditions. Functional analyses further demonstrated that overexpression of ZxHSP70-3/5/8 enhanced thermotolerance in Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Arabidopsis thaliana. Together, these findings lay a foundation for further elucidating the regulation mechanisms of HSP70s in xerophytes and provide valuable genetic resources for enhancing crop thermotolerance.