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Key message <p>Salicylic acid treatment significantly enhances the production of bioactive <i>Euphorbia</i> diterpenoids in&#xa0;<i>Euphorbia lathyris</i>&#xa0;suspension cultures by activating defense and diterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, including upregulating the key acyltransferase gene&#xa0;<i>ElBAHD1</i>.</p> Abstract <p>The medicinal plant&#xa0;<i>Euphorbia lathyris</i>&#xa0;produces pharmacologically active diterpenoids, but the content of which is limited in&#xa0;<i>Euphorbia</i>&#xa0;plants. An efficient suspension culture system of <i>E. lathyris</i>&#xa0;was established to enhance the production of bioactive diterpenoids. Salicylic acid (SA) treatment (550 <i>μ</i>M, 10 days) significantly enhanced the production of lathyrane-type diterpenoids jolkinol A′ (<b>1</b>), jolkinol A (<b>2</b>), jolkinol B (<b>5</b>), and a new 16-hydroxylated jolkinol A derivative (<b>7</b>). In particular, the volumetric yield of jolkinol A (<b>2</b>) was achieved to 47.00 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, a 5.4-fold increase over unelicited controls. Intriguingly, SA also induced the production of polycyclic diterpenoids, including <i>ent</i>-atisane and <i>ent</i>-kaurane. Transcriptomic analysis revealed SA activated defense and diterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, upregulating a series of genes including the acyltransferase&#xa0;gene&#xa0;<i>ElBAHD1</i>. Overexpression of&#xa0;<i>ElBAHD1</i>&#xa0;promoted the accumulation of jolkinol A′ (<b>1</b>), jolkinol A (<b>2</b>), and jolkinol B (<b>5</b>) in transgenic hairy roots and influenced the expression of diterpenoid biosynthetic genes. Notably, jolkinol A (<b>2</b>) exhibited potent antifungal activity against&#xa0;<i>Phytophthora capsici</i>, comparable to that of the commercial fungicide metalaxyl (84.76%) at 200 <i>μ</i>g mL<sup>−1</sup>.&#xa0;This work provides insights into SA-induced biosynthesis mechanism of bioactive&#xa0;<i>Euphorbia</i>&#xa0;diterpenoids, and lays a robust foundation for the future metabolic engineering of&#xa0;<i>E. lathyris</i>.</p>

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Salicylic acid-mediated biosynthesis of anti-oomycete diterpenoids in Euphorbia lathyris L. suspension cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Pirui Li,
  • Xi Sun,
  • Guodong Zhang,
  • Bi Wang,
  • Chenxing Xiao,
  • Mei Tian,
  • Shu Xu,
  • Hui Liu,
  • Xu Feng,
  • Linwei Li,
  • Wanli Zhao,
  • Yu Chen

摘要

Key message

Salicylic acid treatment significantly enhances the production of bioactive Euphorbia diterpenoids in Euphorbia lathyris suspension cultures by activating defense and diterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, including upregulating the key acyltransferase gene ElBAHD1.

Abstract

The medicinal plant Euphorbia lathyris produces pharmacologically active diterpenoids, but the content of which is limited in Euphorbia plants. An efficient suspension culture system of E. lathyris was established to enhance the production of bioactive diterpenoids. Salicylic acid (SA) treatment (550 μM, 10 days) significantly enhanced the production of lathyrane-type diterpenoids jolkinol A′ (1), jolkinol A (2), jolkinol B (5), and a new 16-hydroxylated jolkinol A derivative (7). In particular, the volumetric yield of jolkinol A (2) was achieved to 47.00 mg L−1, a 5.4-fold increase over unelicited controls. Intriguingly, SA also induced the production of polycyclic diterpenoids, including ent-atisane and ent-kaurane. Transcriptomic analysis revealed SA activated defense and diterpenoid biosynthetic pathways, upregulating a series of genes including the acyltransferase gene ElBAHD1. Overexpression of ElBAHD1 promoted the accumulation of jolkinol A′ (1), jolkinol A (2), and jolkinol B (5) in transgenic hairy roots and influenced the expression of diterpenoid biosynthetic genes. Notably, jolkinol A (2) exhibited potent antifungal activity against Phytophthora capsici, comparable to that of the commercial fungicide metalaxyl (84.76%) at 200 μg mL−1. This work provides insights into SA-induced biosynthesis mechanism of bioactive Euphorbia diterpenoids, and lays a robust foundation for the future metabolic engineering of E. lathyris.