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Key message <p>The transcription factor GmPEIN3 enhances resistance to <i>Phytophthora sojae</i> via ethylene-mediated antioxidant regulation and improves favorable agronomic traits in soybean.</p> Abstract <p><i>Phytophthora sojae</i> is a devastating pathogen of soybean, and developing cultivars that combine high yield with strong disease resistance is a primary breeding objective. However, genes that coordinately regulate these two crucial traits have rarely been identified. In a previous study, using a combination of subtractive suppression hybridization (SSH) and cDNA microarray analysis on the highly resistant soybean variety ‘Suinong 10’, we identified a promising candidate, GmPEIN3 (<i>Glycine max P. sojae</i>-responsive EIN3), an EIN-type transcription factor. In this work, we confirmed that the expression of <i>GmPEIN3</i> was potently induced by <i>P. sojae</i> infection in resistant soybean germplasm. Overexpression of <i>GmPEIN3</i> in soybean resulted in enhanced resistance to <i>P. sojae</i>, while RNA-interference (RNAi) silencing led to increased susceptibility. Transcriptome analysis revealed that <i>GmPEIN3</i> modulates plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Consistently, ethylene (ET) levels, along with the activities and transcript levels of key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and GPX), were markedly higher in <i>GmPEIN3</i>-overexpressing (<i>GmPEIN3</i>-OE) transgenic soybean than in wild type (WT). Mechanistically, molecular assays demonstrated that GmPEIN3 directly binds to and transactivates the promoters of the ET biosynthesis gene <i>GmACO3</i> and antioxidant-related genes <i>GmSODB</i> and <i>GmPOD21</i>, thereby promoting ET production and enhancing antioxidant defense capacity. Moreover, <i>GmPEIN3</i>-OE lines exhibited significant increases in effective pod number, seeds per plant, and 100-seed weight, whereas these traits were markedly reduced in RNAi lines. Taken together, these results suggest that <i>GmPEIN3</i> plays a positive dual role in soybean, enhancing <i>P. sojae</i> resistance through the modulation of ethylene signaling and antioxidant defense systems, and simultaneously improving yield-related agronomic traits.</p>

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A soybean EIN transcription factor confers resistance to Phytophthora sojae and favorable agronomic traits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Meng Liu,
  • Jiaxin Yin,
  • Xudong Wei,
  • Junjun Song,
  • Yaqun Dongye,
  • Xi Chen,
  • Xin Fang,
  • Xinyue Yu,
  • Yan Sun,
  • Jihao Ju,
  • Xiaoyu Chen,
  • Junjiang Wu,
  • Hong Gao,
  • Pengfei Xu,
  • Shuzhen Zhang

摘要

Key message

The transcription factor GmPEIN3 enhances resistance to Phytophthora sojae via ethylene-mediated antioxidant regulation and improves favorable agronomic traits in soybean.

Abstract

Phytophthora sojae is a devastating pathogen of soybean, and developing cultivars that combine high yield with strong disease resistance is a primary breeding objective. However, genes that coordinately regulate these two crucial traits have rarely been identified. In a previous study, using a combination of subtractive suppression hybridization (SSH) and cDNA microarray analysis on the highly resistant soybean variety ‘Suinong 10’, we identified a promising candidate, GmPEIN3 (Glycine max P. sojae-responsive EIN3), an EIN-type transcription factor. In this work, we confirmed that the expression of GmPEIN3 was potently induced by P. sojae infection in resistant soybean germplasm. Overexpression of GmPEIN3 in soybean resulted in enhanced resistance to P. sojae, while RNA-interference (RNAi) silencing led to increased susceptibility. Transcriptome analysis revealed that GmPEIN3 modulates plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways. Consistently, ethylene (ET) levels, along with the activities and transcript levels of key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and GPX), were markedly higher in GmPEIN3-overexpressing (GmPEIN3-OE) transgenic soybean than in wild type (WT). Mechanistically, molecular assays demonstrated that GmPEIN3 directly binds to and transactivates the promoters of the ET biosynthesis gene GmACO3 and antioxidant-related genes GmSODB and GmPOD21, thereby promoting ET production and enhancing antioxidant defense capacity. Moreover, GmPEIN3-OE lines exhibited significant increases in effective pod number, seeds per plant, and 100-seed weight, whereas these traits were markedly reduced in RNAi lines. Taken together, these results suggest that GmPEIN3 plays a positive dual role in soybean, enhancing P. sojae resistance through the modulation of ethylene signaling and antioxidant defense systems, and simultaneously improving yield-related agronomic traits.