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Key message <p><b>A total of 13 </b><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">FtGAPDHs</Emphasis><b> was identified in buckwheat and </b><Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">FtGAPDH7</Emphasis><b> plays a key role in heat stress response.</b></p> Abstract <p>Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an essential enzyme of the glycolytic pathway that helps in the production of energy in living cells. GAPDH is a multifunctional enzyme that performs several roles including participation in plant growth and development, enhancing resilience to biotic and abiotic stress, and safeguarding genome integrity. In the present study, a total of 13 GAPDH genes were identified across the eight chromosomes in buckwheat [<i>Fagopyrum tataricum</i> (<i>Ft</i>)], comprising eleven GAPDH genes and two GAPN genes. The <i>cis</i>-regulatory element analysis elucidated that the <i>FtGAPDH</i> genes may regulate diverse biological processes and exhibit responses against various biotic and abiotic stressors. <i>FtGAPDH</i> gene expression analysis was conducted in different abiotic stresses, including heat, cold, salt, and drought stress, to comprehend the functions of these genes in mediating abiotic stress responses. In cold stress, <i>FtGAPDH8/10</i> and 11 showed significant upregulation by 13.6-fold, 4.8-fold, and 25.3-fold, respectively. Under drought stress, significant downregulation was observed in <i>FtGAPDH6/8</i> and 9. Similarly, salt stress led to the downregulation of maximum genes, and <i>FtGAPDH1/2/10</i> and 11 showed significant downregulation. Under heat stress, <i>FtGAPDH2/3/6/7/9/10</i> and 11 exhibited significant upregulation, with the most pronounced increase observed in <i>FtGAPDH7</i>, which was upregulated up to 66-fold. Furthermore, the overexpression of <i>FtGAPDH7</i> in buckwheat and in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> resulted in higher chlorophyll content, <i>Fv/Fm</i> and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage levels under heat stress as compared to the wild type, indicating enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and reduced oxidative damage, which provides evidence that this gene might be involved in thermotolerance. This study highlights the potential roles of <i>FtGAPDH7</i> genes in heat stress responses, providing a foundation for their functional validation to understand the regulatory mechanism and eventually to develop heat stress-tolerant buckwheat cultivars.</p>

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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 7 (FtGAPDH7) confers heat stress tolerance in buckwheat [Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn]

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月27日

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  • Aniket Rana,
  • Himanshi Gangwar,
  • Vandana Jaiswal

摘要

Key message

A total of 13 FtGAPDHs was identified in buckwheat and FtGAPDH7 plays a key role in heat stress response.

Abstract

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an essential enzyme of the glycolytic pathway that helps in the production of energy in living cells. GAPDH is a multifunctional enzyme that performs several roles including participation in plant growth and development, enhancing resilience to biotic and abiotic stress, and safeguarding genome integrity. In the present study, a total of 13 GAPDH genes were identified across the eight chromosomes in buckwheat [Fagopyrum tataricum (Ft)], comprising eleven GAPDH genes and two GAPN genes. The cis-regulatory element analysis elucidated that the FtGAPDH genes may regulate diverse biological processes and exhibit responses against various biotic and abiotic stressors. FtGAPDH gene expression analysis was conducted in different abiotic stresses, including heat, cold, salt, and drought stress, to comprehend the functions of these genes in mediating abiotic stress responses. In cold stress, FtGAPDH8/10 and 11 showed significant upregulation by 13.6-fold, 4.8-fold, and 25.3-fold, respectively. Under drought stress, significant downregulation was observed in FtGAPDH6/8 and 9. Similarly, salt stress led to the downregulation of maximum genes, and FtGAPDH1/2/10 and 11 showed significant downregulation. Under heat stress, FtGAPDH2/3/6/7/9/10 and 11 exhibited significant upregulation, with the most pronounced increase observed in FtGAPDH7, which was upregulated up to 66-fold. Furthermore, the overexpression of FtGAPDH7 in buckwheat and in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in higher chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and electrolyte leakage levels under heat stress as compared to the wild type, indicating enhanced photosynthetic efficiency and reduced oxidative damage, which provides evidence that this gene might be involved in thermotolerance. This study highlights the potential roles of FtGAPDH7 genes in heat stress responses, providing a foundation for their functional validation to understand the regulatory mechanism and eventually to develop heat stress-tolerant buckwheat cultivars.