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Key message <p>The JsSAMDCs promotes the expression of polyamine synthesis genes and regulates the expression of flowering genes which in turn promotes the differentiation of female flower buds in <i>Juglans sigillata</i> Dode.</p> Abstract <p><i>Juglans sigillata</i> is a typical dioecious plant, and its low female-to-male ratio has been a significant factor limiting <i>J. sigillata</i> yield. As a key rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, the role of <i>S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase </i>(<i>SAMDC</i>) in flower bud differentiation is unknown. In this study, we identified seven <i>JsSAMDC</i> genes in the <i>J. sigillata</i> genome. Transcriptome and metabolome data showed that <i>JsSAMDC1</i> exhibited significant co-expression connectivity, and had a significant positive correlation with the flowering genes <i>CO</i> and <i>SOC1.</i> Concomitantly, higher levels of spermine (Spm) were detected in female flower buds.&#xa0;Exogenous Spm significantly increased the&#xa0;expression levels&#xa0;of these flowering genes and Spm content in female flower buds.&#xa0;<i>JsSAMDC1</i>&#xa0;encodes a hydrophilic protein dominated by irregular coils in its secondary structure, lacking both a transmembrane region and a signal peptide. The protein&#xa0;localizes to&#xa0;the nucleus, cytoplasm, and&#xa0;plasma membrane. Spatiotemporal expression analysis&#xa0;revealed predominant expression of&#xa0;JsSAMDC1&#xa0;during the physiological differentiation of female flower buds. Transient silencing of&#xa0;<i>JsSAMDC1</i>&#xa0;resulted in&#xa0;reduced expression of polyamine biosynthesis and&#xa0;flowering-related&#xa0;genes,&#xa0;decreased content of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd)&#xa0;in flower buds, and&#xa0;promoted Spm accumulation. Overall,&#xa0;<i>JsSAMDC1</i>&#xa0;and polyamine biosynthesis genes&#xa0;synergistically elevate Spm levels&#xa0;in female flower buds&#xa0;and, together with the flowering genes&#xa0;<i>CO</i>&#xa0;and&#xa0;<i>SOC1</i>,&#xa0;promote&#xa0;female flower bud differentiation in&#xa0;<i>J. sigillata</i>. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the relationship between polyamines and female flower bud differentiation in&#xa0;<i>J. sigillata</i>.</p>

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JsSAMDC promotes polyamine synthesis and flowering genes to synergistically regulate female flower bud differentiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月29日

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  • Jinyan Chen,
  • Wenwen Li,
  • Chunxiang Li,
  • Yuanqi Huang,
  • Jian Peng,
  • Dong Huang,
  • Mengmeng Liu,
  • Xuejun Pan,
  • Wen’ e Zhang

摘要

Key message

The JsSAMDCs promotes the expression of polyamine synthesis genes and regulates the expression of flowering genes which in turn promotes the differentiation of female flower buds in Juglans sigillata Dode.

Abstract

Juglans sigillata is a typical dioecious plant, and its low female-to-male ratio has been a significant factor limiting J. sigillata yield. As a key rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine synthesis, the role of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) in flower bud differentiation is unknown. In this study, we identified seven JsSAMDC genes in the J. sigillata genome. Transcriptome and metabolome data showed that JsSAMDC1 exhibited significant co-expression connectivity, and had a significant positive correlation with the flowering genes CO and SOC1. Concomitantly, higher levels of spermine (Spm) were detected in female flower buds. Exogenous Spm significantly increased the expression levels of these flowering genes and Spm content in female flower buds. JsSAMDC1 encodes a hydrophilic protein dominated by irregular coils in its secondary structure, lacking both a transmembrane region and a signal peptide. The protein localizes to the nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane. Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed predominant expression of JsSAMDC1 during the physiological differentiation of female flower buds. Transient silencing of JsSAMDC1 resulted in reduced expression of polyamine biosynthesis and flowering-related genes, decreased content of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) in flower buds, and promoted Spm accumulation. Overall, JsSAMDC1 and polyamine biosynthesis genes synergistically elevate Spm levels in female flower buds and, together with the flowering genes CO and SOC1, promote female flower bud differentiation in J. sigillata. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the relationship between polyamines and female flower bud differentiation in J. sigillata.