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Key message <p><b>Thirteen type -A and two type -C</b> <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">RR</Emphasis> <b>genes exhibited distinct expression patterns and unique functions. Notably,</b> <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">RR2</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">RR4</Emphasis> <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">had the most significant positive effects impact on panicle development.</Emphasis></p> Abstract <p>Cytokinin signal transduction occurs through a "two-component system". Type-A and -C response regulators (RRs) are groups of proteins of similar structures constituting significant components of cytokinin signal transduction. In rice, 13 (Type-A) and 2 (Type–C) <i>RRs</i> have been identified to date; however, their functions remain partially known. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of Type-A and Type-C <i>RR</i>s in rice using RNA-Seq and confirmed their functions by constructing mutants of the 15 genes with CRISPR/Cas9. Almost all Type-A <i>RRs</i> played positive roles in the development of secondary branches and secondary spikelets, particularly <i>RR2</i> and <i>RR4</i>. Notably, <i>rr1 rr2</i> and <i>rr8 rr12 rr13</i> higher-order mutants displayed small panicle sizes and decreased plant height. Additionally, both Type-C <i>RRs</i> played positive roles in regulating heading date. RNA-seq revealed several genes with significantly altered expression in the <i>rr2</i> and <i>rr4</i> mutants, with almost half of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) overlapping between the two mutants. Many of the DEGs were associated with the cytokinin and abscisic acid pathways. Our findings provide new insights into the functions of Type-A and -C <i>RRs</i> in rice growth and may serve as a foundation for future studies focusing on cytokinin signaling.</p>

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Type-A and -C response regulator genes positively impact rice plant height and panicle architecture

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月16日

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  • Chenyu Rong,
  • Renren Zhang,
  • Jing Xie,
  • Jieru Li,
  • Tiantian Yan,
  • Ziyu Liu,
  • Yuexin Liu,
  • Ruihan Xu,
  • Xi’an Shi,
  • Xuebin Zhao,
  • Jiali Song,
  • Yayi Meng,
  • Zhongyuan Chang,
  • Yanfeng Ding,
  • Chengqiang Ding

摘要

Key message

Thirteen type -A and two type -C RR genes exhibited distinct expression patterns and unique functions. Notably, RR2 and RR4 had the most significant positive effects impact on panicle development.

Abstract

Cytokinin signal transduction occurs through a "two-component system". Type-A and -C response regulators (RRs) are groups of proteins of similar structures constituting significant components of cytokinin signal transduction. In rice, 13 (Type-A) and 2 (Type–C) RRs have been identified to date; however, their functions remain partially known. In this study, we examined the expression patterns of Type-A and Type-C RRs in rice using RNA-Seq and confirmed their functions by constructing mutants of the 15 genes with CRISPR/Cas9. Almost all Type-A RRs played positive roles in the development of secondary branches and secondary spikelets, particularly RR2 and RR4. Notably, rr1 rr2 and rr8 rr12 rr13 higher-order mutants displayed small panicle sizes and decreased plant height. Additionally, both Type-C RRs played positive roles in regulating heading date. RNA-seq revealed several genes with significantly altered expression in the rr2 and rr4 mutants, with almost half of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) overlapping between the two mutants. Many of the DEGs were associated with the cytokinin and abscisic acid pathways. Our findings provide new insights into the functions of Type-A and -C RRs in rice growth and may serve as a foundation for future studies focusing on cytokinin signaling.