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<p>Argan nutshell lignin (ANS-LIG) is a sustainable biomaterial recognized for its notable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This study investigates its application in 3D-printed (3DP) wound dressings, infused with Moroccan essential oils (EOs), specifically <i>Mentha pulegium</i> (MPEO) and <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> (ROEO), to reinforce its antibacterial efficacy. ANS-LIG and EOs were integrated into Eudragit RS PO (EudRP) matrices and printed at room temperature to protect the bioactive properties. Analyses using SEM, ATR-FTIR, and XRD revealed the formation of highly porous, lightweight meshes, with ANS-LIG crystallographic planes becoming partially amorphous when combined with EUD and EOs. Thermal analysis demonstrated improved stability for LIG/EUD + EOs compared to LIG/EUD alone. Studies on hydrophilicity and swelling indicated substantial water absorption, while DPPH assays confirmed strong antioxidant activity within 15&#xa0;min. Antibacterial tests against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains demonstrated significant activity; in particular, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> viability was reduced by 93% after 24&#xa0;h using the LIG/EUD+MPEO 3D printed patch. Lastly, for the in vitro biocompatibility assay, mouse dermal fibroblasts (MTT assay) were utilized, confirming promising cytocompatibility, with ROEO-loaded meshes exhibiting the highest cell viability of 220%, while MPEO demonstrated more efficient antimicrobial results across all tested strains. Ultimately, the obtained 3D-printed scaffolds efficiently integrated sustainable biopolymers mixed with potent antimicrobials and antioxidant agents, alongside impressive biocompatibility, indicating their potential as advanced wound dressings. This study underscores the advantages of incorporating ANS-LIG and EOs into 3D-printed formulations for future biomedical applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Argan lignin-based 3D-printed dressings infused with essential oils for an antimicrobial, antioxidant, and biocompatible wound healing solution

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Khaoula Sebbar,
  • Saad Koraichi Ibnsouda,
  • Fouad Damiri,
  • Ahmed Fatimi,
  • Nada Al Moudani,
  • Lotfi Aarab,
  • Elif Ilhan,
  • Eray Altan,
  • Oguzhan Gunduz,
  • Amine Ait Houmada,
  • Karim Lyamlouli,
  • Soumya Elabed

摘要

Argan nutshell lignin (ANS-LIG) is a sustainable biomaterial recognized for its notable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This study investigates its application in 3D-printed (3DP) wound dressings, infused with Moroccan essential oils (EOs), specifically Mentha pulegium (MPEO) and Rosmarinus officinalis (ROEO), to reinforce its antibacterial efficacy. ANS-LIG and EOs were integrated into Eudragit RS PO (EudRP) matrices and printed at room temperature to protect the bioactive properties. Analyses using SEM, ATR-FTIR, and XRD revealed the formation of highly porous, lightweight meshes, with ANS-LIG crystallographic planes becoming partially amorphous when combined with EUD and EOs. Thermal analysis demonstrated improved stability for LIG/EUD + EOs compared to LIG/EUD alone. Studies on hydrophilicity and swelling indicated substantial water absorption, while DPPH assays confirmed strong antioxidant activity within 15 min. Antibacterial tests against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains demonstrated significant activity; in particular, Staphylococcus aureus viability was reduced by 93% after 24 h using the LIG/EUD+MPEO 3D printed patch. Lastly, for the in vitro biocompatibility assay, mouse dermal fibroblasts (MTT assay) were utilized, confirming promising cytocompatibility, with ROEO-loaded meshes exhibiting the highest cell viability of 220%, while MPEO demonstrated more efficient antimicrobial results across all tested strains. Ultimately, the obtained 3D-printed scaffolds efficiently integrated sustainable biopolymers mixed with potent antimicrobials and antioxidant agents, alongside impressive biocompatibility, indicating their potential as advanced wound dressings. This study underscores the advantages of incorporating ANS-LIG and EOs into 3D-printed formulations for future biomedical applications.

Graphical abstract