Microgel@ZnO/NiO catalyst for rapid degradation of hazardous dyes and organic pollutants
摘要
This work explores the development and real-world applicability of a Microgel@ZnO/NiO (Cd-ASVN@ZnO/NiO) nanocomposite designed as an efficient photocatalyst for removing hazardous dyes from water, such as methylene blue (MB), Congo red (CR), and para-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DMAB). The microgels were prepared through free-radical emulsion polymerization using NHMA as a cross-linking agent, where different cross-linker concentrations enabled control over the material structure and properties. ZnO/NiO nanoparticles were then embedded into the microgel framework via a hydrothermal method, which significantly improved the catalytic performance. The dye removal efficiency was evaluated using a column adsorption system. At a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, high removal efficiencies of 93.88% for MB, 87.45% for CR, and 81.33% for DMAB were achieved, demonstrating that lower flow rates enhance adsorption performance. Detailed characterization using XRD, FT-IR, DLS, TGA, SEM, and TEM confirmed the successful synthesis and stability of the nanocomposites. The materials demonstrated maximum adsorption capacities of 194.207 mg/g for MB, 186.073 mg/g for CR, and 185.070 mg/g for DMAB, with the Langmuir model accurately describing the adsorption behavior. Among the variants, Cd-ASVN-3@ZnO/NiO, with a higher cross-link density, showed superior photocatalytic activity under sunlight. The degradation efficiencies reached 96.60% for MB, 90.25% for CR, and 81.19% for DMAB, highlighting its promise as a sustainable and economical wastewater treatment material.
Graphical abstract