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<p>Polymer electrolytes are gaining interest for the next generation energy storage systems due to their safety, flexibility, and process ability. However, their practical application is hampered by low ionic conductivity. This study created a chitosan (CS)-dextran (Dxn) blend solid polymer electrolyte containing sodium acetate (CH<sub>3</sub>COONa) and lead oxide (Pb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles, plasticized with variable glycerol concentrations (9–45 wt%). The solution casting approach was used to produce and analyze five samples (EW1-EW5). X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a mainly amorphous structure, with increasing disorder associated with larger glycerol loading. FTIR spectroscopy revealed strong hydrogen bonding and molecular interactions between polymer chains, salt, and glycerol, indicating a successful complexation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a significant decrease in bulk resistance from 2178.8 kΩ (EW1) to 4.627 kΩ (EW5), as well as an increase in DC conductivity from 2.55 × 10⁻<sup>8</sup> S·cm⁻<sup>1</sup> to 7.00 × 10⁻<sup>5</sup> S·cm⁻<sup>1</sup> a factor of approximately 2,750. AC conductivity and electrical modulus analyses confirmed improved ion transport and dielectric relaxation, with shorter relaxation times and greater ionic mobility. These data show that glycerol is an efficient plasticizer, enhancing chain flexibility and ionic conduction. The CS-Dxn-CH<sub>3</sub>COONa-Pb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> system exhibits enhanced ionic conduction and dielectric performance, indicating its potential as a solid polymer electrolyte, pending further evaluation of operational stability for energy storage applications.</p>

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Tailoring ionic conductivity in CS–Dextran–Pb₃O₄ electrolytes through controlled glycerol plasticization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Pshdar Ahmed Ibrahim,
  • Ibrahim Nazem Qader,
  • Shujahadeen Bakr Aziz,
  • Abubakr Wsu Muhammed,
  • Karukh Ali Babakr,
  • Hazhar Hamad Rasul,
  • Safar Saeed Mohammed,
  • Dlshad Aziz Hamid,
  • Ibrahim Luqman Salih,
  • Peshawa H. Mahmood,
  • Peyman Aspoukeh,
  • Hossein Khojasteh,
  • Bala Talib Ali,
  • Samir Mustafa Hamad

摘要

Polymer electrolytes are gaining interest for the next generation energy storage systems due to their safety, flexibility, and process ability. However, their practical application is hampered by low ionic conductivity. This study created a chitosan (CS)-dextran (Dxn) blend solid polymer electrolyte containing sodium acetate (CH3COONa) and lead oxide (Pb3O4) nanoparticles, plasticized with variable glycerol concentrations (9–45 wt%). The solution casting approach was used to produce and analyze five samples (EW1-EW5). X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a mainly amorphous structure, with increasing disorder associated with larger glycerol loading. FTIR spectroscopy revealed strong hydrogen bonding and molecular interactions between polymer chains, salt, and glycerol, indicating a successful complexation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed a significant decrease in bulk resistance from 2178.8 kΩ (EW1) to 4.627 kΩ (EW5), as well as an increase in DC conductivity from 2.55 × 10⁻8 S·cm⁻1 to 7.00 × 10⁻5 S·cm⁻1 a factor of approximately 2,750. AC conductivity and electrical modulus analyses confirmed improved ion transport and dielectric relaxation, with shorter relaxation times and greater ionic mobility. These data show that glycerol is an efficient plasticizer, enhancing chain flexibility and ionic conduction. The CS-Dxn-CH3COONa-Pb3O4 system exhibits enhanced ionic conduction and dielectric performance, indicating its potential as a solid polymer electrolyte, pending further evaluation of operational stability for energy storage applications.