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<p>Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membranes suffer from low hydrophilicity and low water permeability. This research aimed to improve the properties and filtration performance of PPSU membranes by incorporating alumina nanoparticles. The resultant membranes were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, water contact angle measurement, and tensile test. Morphological analysis (SEM) revealed that introducing alumina nanoparticles increased membrane porosity up to 3 wt% loading, while higher concentrations reduced porosity due to nanoparticle agglomeration. EDX spectra confirmed the presence of aluminum in all nanocomposite membranes. Water contact angle measurements showed that hydrophilicity improved with alumina addition, reaching its maximum at 3 wt% loading (59.1°), followed by an increase at higher concentrations. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break decreased (up to 3 wt%) and then improved at 5 wt% loading before declining again at 7 wt% due to structural defects caused by agglomeration. The membranes were further evaluated by pure water flux (PWF) measurement and nanofiltration of a reactive red 141 aqueous solution. The PPSU/5 wt% alumina membrane provided the best nanofiltration performance among the developed membranes. The PWF and the permeate flux of the mentioned membrane were 7 and 12.5 times as high as that of the neat PPSU membrane, while the rejection of reactive red by this membrane was 97.5%, significantly higher than that of the neat PPSU membrane (76.2%).</p>

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Polyphenylsulfone/alumina nanocomposite membrane with enhanced performance for dye removal via nanofiltration

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Atefeh Azadvari,
  • Ehsan Saljoughi,
  • Seyed Mahmoud Mousavi,
  • Shirin Kiani,
  • Mahsa Talebi

摘要

Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membranes suffer from low hydrophilicity and low water permeability. This research aimed to improve the properties and filtration performance of PPSU membranes by incorporating alumina nanoparticles. The resultant membranes were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry, water contact angle measurement, and tensile test. Morphological analysis (SEM) revealed that introducing alumina nanoparticles increased membrane porosity up to 3 wt% loading, while higher concentrations reduced porosity due to nanoparticle agglomeration. EDX spectra confirmed the presence of aluminum in all nanocomposite membranes. Water contact angle measurements showed that hydrophilicity improved with alumina addition, reaching its maximum at 3 wt% loading (59.1°), followed by an increase at higher concentrations. Mechanical testing demonstrated that the elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break decreased (up to 3 wt%) and then improved at 5 wt% loading before declining again at 7 wt% due to structural defects caused by agglomeration. The membranes were further evaluated by pure water flux (PWF) measurement and nanofiltration of a reactive red 141 aqueous solution. The PPSU/5 wt% alumina membrane provided the best nanofiltration performance among the developed membranes. The PWF and the permeate flux of the mentioned membrane were 7 and 12.5 times as high as that of the neat PPSU membrane, while the rejection of reactive red by this membrane was 97.5%, significantly higher than that of the neat PPSU membrane (76.2%).