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<p>The scope of this work is to produce composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) and alginates in stationary regime on media containing various amounts of sodium alginate (SA) and to optimize the protocols for their cross-linking and purification. We suggested and tested a new single-step protocol, combining both cross-linking and purification by treatment in Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>. The effectiveness of purification and the content of alginate was controlled by infrared spectroscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). It was shown that the suggested protocol yielded the 69% content of alginate, that was higher compared to two-step techniques. It was also revealed that washing with NaOH was superior in terms of purification, while using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) yielded inferior results. The obtained composites were asymmetric and had a bilayer structure consisting of a transparent layer rich in alginate with an opaque one on top of it with less content of alginate. Infrared spectroscopy detected that samples’ top sides had higher content residual bacterial material than bottom ones. Samples grown at 1% SA concentrations contained alginate on the bottom surface, while none was detectable on the top one. The same asymmetry was revealed for samples washed with Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> without cross-linking. Mechanical tests demonstrated that compression modulus and stress at break increased with the growth of SA content in the cultivation medium, reaching 210&#xa0;kPa and 230&#xa0;kPa, respectively, for samples grown in media with the SA content of 4%.</p>

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Bacterial cellulose/alginate composite membranes obtained in situ: comparison of different cross-linking and purification protocols

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Tatyana I. Gromovykh,
  • Irina A. Tarasova,
  • Vadim V. Zefirov,
  • Elena P. Kharitonova,
  • Vyacheslav S. Molchanov,
  • Maria A. Teplonogova,
  • Olga I. Kiselyova

摘要

The scope of this work is to produce composites of bacterial cellulose (BC) and alginates in stationary regime on media containing various amounts of sodium alginate (SA) and to optimize the protocols for their cross-linking and purification. We suggested and tested a new single-step protocol, combining both cross-linking and purification by treatment in Ca(OH)2. The effectiveness of purification and the content of alginate was controlled by infrared spectroscopy and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). It was shown that the suggested protocol yielded the 69% content of alginate, that was higher compared to two-step techniques. It was also revealed that washing with NaOH was superior in terms of purification, while using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) yielded inferior results. The obtained composites were asymmetric and had a bilayer structure consisting of a transparent layer rich in alginate with an opaque one on top of it with less content of alginate. Infrared spectroscopy detected that samples’ top sides had higher content residual bacterial material than bottom ones. Samples grown at 1% SA concentrations contained alginate on the bottom surface, while none was detectable on the top one. The same asymmetry was revealed for samples washed with Ca(OH)2 without cross-linking. Mechanical tests demonstrated that compression modulus and stress at break increased with the growth of SA content in the cultivation medium, reaching 210 kPa and 230 kPa, respectively, for samples grown in media with the SA content of 4%.