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<p>An electrically conductive polyaniline-tin(IV) tungstophosphate hybrid cation exchanger was successfully synthesized via in situ chemical polymerization. The hybrid material exhibits a high ion-exchange capacity, semiconducting electrical conductivity, and good isothermal stability, as evidenced by the retention of direct current conductivity under ambient and moderate temperature conditions. Temperature-dependent conductivity measurements confirm thermally activated charge transport behavior consistent with a semiconducting system, while metal-ion doping studies reveal tunable electrical properties of the hybrid exchanger. Optical investigations further indicate strong interfacial interactions between the organic and inorganic components. When fabricated as a sensing material, the polyaniline-tin(IV) tungstophosphate hybrid cation exchanger shows a pronounced and reproducible electrical response toward ammonia vapors, with good sensitivity and linearity in the concentration range of 0.1&#xa0;M to 0.8&#xa0;M. The sensing mechanism is governed by reversible protonation-deprotonation processes of the polyaniline backbone, leading to measurable changes in conductivity upon ammonia exposure. Although reduced sensitivity is observed at higher ammonia concentrations due to saturation of active sites, the results demonstrate that the polyaniline-tin(IV) tungstophosphate hybrid cation exchanger is a stable and effective material for ammonia sensing applications under ambient conditions.</p>

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Investigation of electrical conductivity of in situ polymerized polyaniline based composite and its application as an ammonia vapour sensor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Arshia Akhtar,
  • Haroon,
  • Qazi Inamur Rahman

摘要

An electrically conductive polyaniline-tin(IV) tungstophosphate hybrid cation exchanger was successfully synthesized via in situ chemical polymerization. The hybrid material exhibits a high ion-exchange capacity, semiconducting electrical conductivity, and good isothermal stability, as evidenced by the retention of direct current conductivity under ambient and moderate temperature conditions. Temperature-dependent conductivity measurements confirm thermally activated charge transport behavior consistent with a semiconducting system, while metal-ion doping studies reveal tunable electrical properties of the hybrid exchanger. Optical investigations further indicate strong interfacial interactions between the organic and inorganic components. When fabricated as a sensing material, the polyaniline-tin(IV) tungstophosphate hybrid cation exchanger shows a pronounced and reproducible electrical response toward ammonia vapors, with good sensitivity and linearity in the concentration range of 0.1 M to 0.8 M. The sensing mechanism is governed by reversible protonation-deprotonation processes of the polyaniline backbone, leading to measurable changes in conductivity upon ammonia exposure. Although reduced sensitivity is observed at higher ammonia concentrations due to saturation of active sites, the results demonstrate that the polyaniline-tin(IV) tungstophosphate hybrid cation exchanger is a stable and effective material for ammonia sensing applications under ambient conditions.