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<p>This study investigates the synthesis and compatibilisation performance of maleated poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHH-g-MA) in poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate)/poly(butylene succinate) (PHBHH/PBS) blends. PHBHH-g-MA was prepared via peroxide-initiated melt grafting at a fixed dicumyl peroxide (DCP) concentration (1 phr) with varying maleic anhydride (MA) concentrations (3–10 phr). The grafting degree (GD), molecular weight, and structural characterisation revealed that increasing the MA concentration increased the grafting degree but also intensified chain scission, resulting in a pronounced reduction in the molecular weight. The influence of PHBHH-g-MA on the blend performance was examined in dispersed droplet–matrix (80/20 wt%) and co-continuous (50/50 wt%) morphologies using tensile, flexural, and impact fracture testing, together with morphological analysis. The tensile and flexural strengths increased in both blend systems upon the addition of 5 wt% PHBHH-g-MA, with the highest improvements observed for PHBHH-g-3MA (i.e., PHBHH-g-MA prepared using 3 phr MA). FESEM confirmed the enhanced interfacial adhesion between PHBHH and PBS in the compatibilised blends. The impact fracture results showed that only the uncompatibilised and PHBHH-g-3MA compatibilised 50PHBHH/50PBS blends exhibited a higher critical strain energy release rate (<i>G</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>) than neat PHBHH, while the critical stress intensity factor (<i>K</i><sub><i>c</i></sub>) was not significantly influenced by blending or compatibilisation. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the compatibiliser performance is governed by both GD and retained molecular weight, highlighting the need to balance the chemical reactivity and molecular structure integrity to optimise the mechanical and fracture properties of these aliphatic polyester blends.</p>

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Synthesis of maleated PHBHH compatibiliser for PHBHH/PBS blends: phase morphology, mechanical properties, and fracture behaviour

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月7日

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  • Mohd Zharif Ahmad Thirmizir,
  • Zainal Arifin Mohd Ishak,
  • Razaina Mat Taib,
  • Kumar Sudesh Kanapathi Pillai,
  • Aziz Hassan,
  • Mohamad Bashree Abu Bakar

摘要

This study investigates the synthesis and compatibilisation performance of maleated poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHH-g-MA) in poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate)/poly(butylene succinate) (PHBHH/PBS) blends. PHBHH-g-MA was prepared via peroxide-initiated melt grafting at a fixed dicumyl peroxide (DCP) concentration (1 phr) with varying maleic anhydride (MA) concentrations (3–10 phr). The grafting degree (GD), molecular weight, and structural characterisation revealed that increasing the MA concentration increased the grafting degree but also intensified chain scission, resulting in a pronounced reduction in the molecular weight. The influence of PHBHH-g-MA on the blend performance was examined in dispersed droplet–matrix (80/20 wt%) and co-continuous (50/50 wt%) morphologies using tensile, flexural, and impact fracture testing, together with morphological analysis. The tensile and flexural strengths increased in both blend systems upon the addition of 5 wt% PHBHH-g-MA, with the highest improvements observed for PHBHH-g-3MA (i.e., PHBHH-g-MA prepared using 3 phr MA). FESEM confirmed the enhanced interfacial adhesion between PHBHH and PBS in the compatibilised blends. The impact fracture results showed that only the uncompatibilised and PHBHH-g-3MA compatibilised 50PHBHH/50PBS blends exhibited a higher critical strain energy release rate (Gc) than neat PHBHH, while the critical stress intensity factor (Kc) was not significantly influenced by blending or compatibilisation. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the compatibiliser performance is governed by both GD and retained molecular weight, highlighting the need to balance the chemical reactivity and molecular structure integrity to optimise the mechanical and fracture properties of these aliphatic polyester blends.