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<p>This research investigates a vinyl ester composites system strengthened with chemically modified flax fibers and finely milled <i>Caesalpiniabonducella</i> seed shell particulates (CBSSP) (1&#xa0;μm) with emphasis on its mechanical response and drilling characteristics including performance after moisture exposure. The application of vinyl silane treatment promoted stronger bonding at the fiber-matrix interface and curing was facilitated using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. Among all compositions fabricated, the hybrid laminate labelled FC2, containing 3 vol% CBSSP and 40 vol% flax reinforcement delivered the most favourable overall performance. It attained a shore D hardness of 82, impact energy absorption of 6.1&#xa0;J, tensile strength of 131&#xa0;MPa, flexural resistance of 154&#xa0;MPa, interlaminar shear strength of 33&#xa0;MPa, compressive strength of 141&#xa0;MPa, lap shear of 23.2&#xa0;MPa and rail shear of 19.6&#xa0;MPa. Exposure to humid conditions (40&#xa0;°C, 50% RH for 30 days) resulted in only marginal declines in strength and stiffness, indicating excellent resistance to environmental degradation. Microstructural observations through SEM revealed uniform incorporation of the seed shell powder and strong adhesion between the treated flax fibers and the matrix, minimizing fiber pull out and reducing void formation. Collectively, the results illustrate that integrating vinyl silane treated flax fiber with CBSSP yields a reinforced composite with improved durability and reliable performance, positioning it as a strong candidate for lightweight and sustainable structural applications.</p>

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Performance evaluation of vinyl ester composites reinforced with vinylsilane-treated flax fiber and Caesalpiniabonducella seed shell powder

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • E. Raja Sherin,
  • S. SheejuSelvaRoji,
  • T. R. Kannan

摘要

This research investigates a vinyl ester composites system strengthened with chemically modified flax fibers and finely milled Caesalpiniabonducella seed shell particulates (CBSSP) (1 μm) with emphasis on its mechanical response and drilling characteristics including performance after moisture exposure. The application of vinyl silane treatment promoted stronger bonding at the fiber-matrix interface and curing was facilitated using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide. Among all compositions fabricated, the hybrid laminate labelled FC2, containing 3 vol% CBSSP and 40 vol% flax reinforcement delivered the most favourable overall performance. It attained a shore D hardness of 82, impact energy absorption of 6.1 J, tensile strength of 131 MPa, flexural resistance of 154 MPa, interlaminar shear strength of 33 MPa, compressive strength of 141 MPa, lap shear of 23.2 MPa and rail shear of 19.6 MPa. Exposure to humid conditions (40 °C, 50% RH for 30 days) resulted in only marginal declines in strength and stiffness, indicating excellent resistance to environmental degradation. Microstructural observations through SEM revealed uniform incorporation of the seed shell powder and strong adhesion between the treated flax fibers and the matrix, minimizing fiber pull out and reducing void formation. Collectively, the results illustrate that integrating vinyl silane treated flax fiber with CBSSP yields a reinforced composite with improved durability and reliable performance, positioning it as a strong candidate for lightweight and sustainable structural applications.