<p>Biopolymers are renewable macromolecules known for their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and diverse functional properties. Examples include chitosan (CS), alginate, chitin, pectin, carrageenan, and xanthan gum etc., many of which exhibit intrinsic or modifiable antimicrobial activity. Among them, CS is notable for its inherent antimicrobial and film-forming properties. Its functionality can be further enhanced through nanoparticle-based modifications; for example, CS-AgNPs have attracted significant attention due to their potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, where CS acts as a capping, reducing, and stabilizing agent for AgNPs, enhancing their dispersion, stability, and biocompatibility. Various eco-friendly and one-pot synthesis techniques have enabled precise control over nanoparticle size, shape, and stability. Studies consistently report that CS not only stabilizes AgNPs but also modulates their toxicity and promotes targeted antimicrobial action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in CS based AgNPs with a focus on enhancing their antibacterial and antifungal potential. By examining the synergistic integration of CS-AgNPs into multifunctional platforms such as films, hydrogels, and biopolymer composites, the review highlights key strategies for improving mechanical properties, controlled silver ion release, and antimicrobial efficacy.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>