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<p>Environmentally friendly hydrogel composed of beta-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), Tamarind Kernel Powder (TKP), and Epichlorohydrin (EPI) were synthesized through chemical crosslinking and evaluated as effective adsorbents for Bisphenol A (BPA), Paracetamol (PCM), Hydroquinone (HQ), Naphthalene (NP) and methylene blue (MB). The composition, morphology, and presence of functional groups in the synthesized sorption material were characterized through EDS, XRD, FESEM, and FTIR spectroscopy. A hybrid response surface methodology incorporating Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) was successfully developed to model, simulate, and optimize the synthesis process. The adsorption processes conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for all pollutants, and the adsorption equilibrium data were accurately represented by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 1828&#xa0;mg/g, 3511&#xa0;mg/g, 1829&#xa0;mg/g, 3406&#xa0;mg/g and 189&#xa0;mg/g for BPA, PCM, HQ, NP and MB respectively. A proposed adsorption mechanism indicates that each component of β-CD/EPI/TKP is crucial; the cyclodextrin cavities facilitate the entrapment of non-polar pollutants, while the surface hydroxyl groups offer binding sites for polar pollutants. A reusability study demonstrated that the synthesized adsorbent is easily reusable. The adsorbent retains its capacity to adsorb pollutants for a maximum of four cycles. The findings of this study indicate that β-CD/EPI/TKP hydrogel beads serve as an effective, promising, and recyclable adsorbent for the elimination of several pollutant categories including organic dyes, pharmaceutical, endocrine disruptors and organic micropollutants.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Adsorption behavior of ionic and non ionic toxic organic pollutants from water onto RSM-CCD optimized epichlorohydrin crosslinked β-cyclodextrin hydrogel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Khushbu,
  • Samrat Mukhopadhyay

摘要

Environmentally friendly hydrogel composed of beta-Cyclodextrin (β-CD), Tamarind Kernel Powder (TKP), and Epichlorohydrin (EPI) were synthesized through chemical crosslinking and evaluated as effective adsorbents for Bisphenol A (BPA), Paracetamol (PCM), Hydroquinone (HQ), Naphthalene (NP) and methylene blue (MB). The composition, morphology, and presence of functional groups in the synthesized sorption material were characterized through EDS, XRD, FESEM, and FTIR spectroscopy. A hybrid response surface methodology incorporating Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) was successfully developed to model, simulate, and optimize the synthesis process. The adsorption processes conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model for all pollutants, and the adsorption equilibrium data were accurately represented by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacities were found to be 1828 mg/g, 3511 mg/g, 1829 mg/g, 3406 mg/g and 189 mg/g for BPA, PCM, HQ, NP and MB respectively. A proposed adsorption mechanism indicates that each component of β-CD/EPI/TKP is crucial; the cyclodextrin cavities facilitate the entrapment of non-polar pollutants, while the surface hydroxyl groups offer binding sites for polar pollutants. A reusability study demonstrated that the synthesized adsorbent is easily reusable. The adsorbent retains its capacity to adsorb pollutants for a maximum of four cycles. The findings of this study indicate that β-CD/EPI/TKP hydrogel beads serve as an effective, promising, and recyclable adsorbent for the elimination of several pollutant categories including organic dyes, pharmaceutical, endocrine disruptors and organic micropollutants.

Graphical abstract