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<p>A series of polybenzoxazines were prepared from bisphenol-A/aniline (BA-a) and cardanol/furfurylamine (C-fa) based benzoxazine at different mass ratio. The incorporated long alkyl side chain of cardanol helps improve the flexibility and mobility of the copolymer networks. The mechanical, thermal and shape memory properties of poly(BA-a/C-fa) were investigated in detail. The cured poly(BA-a/C-fa) shows improved onset degradation temperature (T<sub>d5</sub>) with increasing C-fa proportion up to 40 wt%, from 325 to 360&#xa0;°C, as well as improved toughness due to long alkyl side chain of cardanol as verified by flexural test and fracture surface morphology. In addition, incorporation of C-fa into BA-a confers the system with shape memory capability with all copolybenzoxazines exhibiting good shape memory properties with shape fixity (R<sub>f</sub>) up to 99%, near complete shape recovery (R<sub>r</sub> ≥ 98%) while maintaining relatively good shape memory performance after ten consecutive shape memory cycles. Furthermore, triple shape memory behavior was realized for 20/80 to 60/40 (wt/wt) poly(BA-a/C-fa) due to their wide glass transition temperature range. The current study presents an effective approach to toughen and impart shape memory properties to conventional benzoxazine using a simplified process.</p>

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Development of shape memory polybenzoxazines through copolymerization of conventional bisphenol-A benzoxazine with cardanol-based benzoxazine and their properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月17日

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  • Chananya Nunwong,
  • Panuwat Luengrojanakul,
  • Krittapas Charoensuk,
  • Sarawut Rimdusit

摘要

A series of polybenzoxazines were prepared from bisphenol-A/aniline (BA-a) and cardanol/furfurylamine (C-fa) based benzoxazine at different mass ratio. The incorporated long alkyl side chain of cardanol helps improve the flexibility and mobility of the copolymer networks. The mechanical, thermal and shape memory properties of poly(BA-a/C-fa) were investigated in detail. The cured poly(BA-a/C-fa) shows improved onset degradation temperature (Td5) with increasing C-fa proportion up to 40 wt%, from 325 to 360 °C, as well as improved toughness due to long alkyl side chain of cardanol as verified by flexural test and fracture surface morphology. In addition, incorporation of C-fa into BA-a confers the system with shape memory capability with all copolybenzoxazines exhibiting good shape memory properties with shape fixity (Rf) up to 99%, near complete shape recovery (Rr ≥ 98%) while maintaining relatively good shape memory performance after ten consecutive shape memory cycles. Furthermore, triple shape memory behavior was realized for 20/80 to 60/40 (wt/wt) poly(BA-a/C-fa) due to their wide glass transition temperature range. The current study presents an effective approach to toughen and impart shape memory properties to conventional benzoxazine using a simplified process.