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<p>This study aims to develop a natural polymer mat loaded with active constituents of essential oil to eradicate fungal biofilm. Electrospinning was utilized to fabricate nanofibers by integrating the monoterpenes (limonene and linalool) into the hydrophilic pullulan polymer (LMLN/PLN), ensuring increased drug dissolution in aqueous environments and enhanced activity. The nanofiber, was characterize using several biophysical techniques, including <sup>1</sup>H NMR, FESEM, XRD, and ATR-FTIR, to gather in-depth insight into morphology and thermostability. Encapsulation led to an increase in nanofiber diameter from 134 ± 25.26&#xa0;nm to 162.48 ± 39.24&#xa0;nm, indication the effective incorporation of the encapsulated material. Additionally, the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectra of LMLN/PLN nanofiber exhibited characteristic peaks consistent with those of LMLN in the 4.0–6.0 ppm and 2.5 ppm regions. These findings corroborate the successful synthesis of stable LMLN/PLN nanofibers and their application against fungal biofilm. It was observed that the LMLN/PLN containing (NF1, 48&#xa0;µg/ml) inhibited 70–76% biofilm of <i>Candida</i> spp (<i>C. albicans</i>,<i> C. tropicalis</i>) while 60–66% <i>Cryptococcus</i> spp (<i>C. laurentii</i> and <i>C.neoformans</i>) respectively. The fabricated nanofiber facilitates effective drug delivery of essential oil active constituents based drug delivery system to combat fungal biofilm invitro study while negligible cytotoxicity against fibroblast (L929<b>)</b> cell lines.</p>

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Mechanistic insight of biocompatible pullulan based nanofibers loaded with limonene–linalool for effective inhibition of fungal biofilms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Pankaj Kumar Chaudhary,
  • Deepika Saini,
  • Ramasare Prasad

摘要

This study aims to develop a natural polymer mat loaded with active constituents of essential oil to eradicate fungal biofilm. Electrospinning was utilized to fabricate nanofibers by integrating the monoterpenes (limonene and linalool) into the hydrophilic pullulan polymer (LMLN/PLN), ensuring increased drug dissolution in aqueous environments and enhanced activity. The nanofiber, was characterize using several biophysical techniques, including 1H NMR, FESEM, XRD, and ATR-FTIR, to gather in-depth insight into morphology and thermostability. Encapsulation led to an increase in nanofiber diameter from 134 ± 25.26 nm to 162.48 ± 39.24 nm, indication the effective incorporation of the encapsulated material. Additionally, the 1H NMR spectra of LMLN/PLN nanofiber exhibited characteristic peaks consistent with those of LMLN in the 4.0–6.0 ppm and 2.5 ppm regions. These findings corroborate the successful synthesis of stable LMLN/PLN nanofibers and their application against fungal biofilm. It was observed that the LMLN/PLN containing (NF1, 48 µg/ml) inhibited 70–76% biofilm of Candida spp (C. albicans, C. tropicalis) while 60–66% Cryptococcus spp (C. laurentii and C.neoformans) respectively. The fabricated nanofiber facilitates effective drug delivery of essential oil active constituents based drug delivery system to combat fungal biofilm invitro study while negligible cytotoxicity against fibroblast (L929) cell lines.