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<p>Sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics for food packaging have been developed at a rapid pace due to the increasing environmental impact of these products. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most talked-about biodegradable polymers because of its low carbon impact, ease of processing, and renewable source. Nevertheless, plain PLA’s limited temperature resistance, poor barrier characteristics, and low hardness limit its widespread use in packaging. By improving mechanical strength, thermal stability, barrier performance, and functional properties like antimicrobial activity and UV shielding, recent advancements show that metal-oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and silicon dioxide (SiO₂), added to PLA matrices can overcome these limitations. The synthesis methods, structure-property correlations, and performance in food-packaging applications of PLA/ZnO, PLA/TiO₂, and PLA/SiO₂ nanocomposites are the main topics of this paper, which also compares and contrasts these materials. Using radar chart visualization and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), nanocomposite systems are ranked according to important criteria such as cost-effectiveness, multifunctionality, scalability, dispersion quality, and interfacial bonding. According to the results, transparent and high-barrier films benefit most from SiO₂, ZnO is best for active antimicrobial applications, while TiO₂ is the best additive for thermal stability and UV-shielding. While assisting industry stakeholders in choosing optimum formulations for specific market needs, this study highlights the potential of PLA/metal-oxide nanocomposites to provide high-performance, environmentally friendly packaging solutions.</p>

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Poly lactic acid (PLA)/metal oxide nanocomposites for sustainable packaging and biomedical applications: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Anuprita V Bhosale,
  • Dadarao N Raut,
  • Vinod B. Suryawanshi,
  • Masidd N Khalate

摘要

Sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics for food packaging have been developed at a rapid pace due to the increasing environmental impact of these products. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most talked-about biodegradable polymers because of its low carbon impact, ease of processing, and renewable source. Nevertheless, plain PLA’s limited temperature resistance, poor barrier characteristics, and low hardness limit its widespread use in packaging. By improving mechanical strength, thermal stability, barrier performance, and functional properties like antimicrobial activity and UV shielding, recent advancements show that metal-oxide nanoparticles, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and silicon dioxide (SiO₂), added to PLA matrices can overcome these limitations. The synthesis methods, structure-property correlations, and performance in food-packaging applications of PLA/ZnO, PLA/TiO₂, and PLA/SiO₂ nanocomposites are the main topics of this paper, which also compares and contrasts these materials. Using radar chart visualization and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), nanocomposite systems are ranked according to important criteria such as cost-effectiveness, multifunctionality, scalability, dispersion quality, and interfacial bonding. According to the results, transparent and high-barrier films benefit most from SiO₂, ZnO is best for active antimicrobial applications, while TiO₂ is the best additive for thermal stability and UV-shielding. While assisting industry stakeholders in choosing optimum formulations for specific market needs, this study highlights the potential of PLA/metal-oxide nanocomposites to provide high-performance, environmentally friendly packaging solutions.