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<p>This study investigates the effects of ball milling as a premixing technique in the production of neat High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and HDPE/graphene (G) nanocomposites with varying G concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%) processed for different durations (0, 2, 5, and 10&#xa0;h), highlighting its potential to improve filler dispersion, modify particle morphology, and enhance overall material properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis revealed significant morphological changes, with neat HDPE grains becoming increasingly flattened and fragmented with milling, while G dispersion improved at lower concentrations but showed agglomeration at higher concentrations. X-ray Diffraction analysis demonstrated reduced crystallite size and crystallinity for neat HDPE with extended milling and confirmed G stacking in composites, with peak intensity variations correlating to G concentration and dispersion. Differential Scanning Calorimetry results showed a slightly increased crystallinity for HDPE/1G and reduced crystallinity for HDPE/5G due to agglomeration. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed enhanced thermal stability for HDPE/1G after 10&#xa0;h of milling. Mechanical properties indicated significant improvements in Young’s modulus and tensile strength for composites, with optimal performance observed at 10&#xa0;h for HDPE/1G and at 5&#xa0;h for HDPE/2.5G. The results emphasize the critical interplay between ball milling duration, G concentration, and the resultant material properties, providing valuable insights for tailoring nanocomposites for advanced applications.</p>

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Comprehensive study on ball milling as a premixing technique: Structural, Thermal, and mechanical properties of High-Density polyethylene graphene nanocomposites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Evangelia Tarani,
  • Athina Taxintari,
  • Eleni Pavlidou,
  • George Vourlias,
  • George Z. Papageorgiou,
  • Dimitrios N. Bikiaris,
  • Konstantinos Chrissafis

摘要

This study investigates the effects of ball milling as a premixing technique in the production of neat High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and HDPE/graphene (G) nanocomposites with varying G concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, and 5 wt%) processed for different durations (0, 2, 5, and 10 h), highlighting its potential to improve filler dispersion, modify particle morphology, and enhance overall material properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis revealed significant morphological changes, with neat HDPE grains becoming increasingly flattened and fragmented with milling, while G dispersion improved at lower concentrations but showed agglomeration at higher concentrations. X-ray Diffraction analysis demonstrated reduced crystallite size and crystallinity for neat HDPE with extended milling and confirmed G stacking in composites, with peak intensity variations correlating to G concentration and dispersion. Differential Scanning Calorimetry results showed a slightly increased crystallinity for HDPE/1G and reduced crystallinity for HDPE/5G due to agglomeration. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed enhanced thermal stability for HDPE/1G after 10 h of milling. Mechanical properties indicated significant improvements in Young’s modulus and tensile strength for composites, with optimal performance observed at 10 h for HDPE/1G and at 5 h for HDPE/2.5G. The results emphasize the critical interplay between ball milling duration, G concentration, and the resultant material properties, providing valuable insights for tailoring nanocomposites for advanced applications.