<p>The growing demand for sustainable, biodegradable, and functional materials has driven the development of innovative materials from renewable sources, particularly macroalgae. The polysaccharides in macroalgae are valuable bioactive compounds, varying significantly by species. Extraction methods, whether conventional or alternative, should consider factors such as yield, reproducibility, solvent exposure, and overall cost-effectiveness. Studies show that macroalgae polysaccharides have diverse biological properties, including antibacterial, antitumor, and antiviral activities, promoting their use in the biomedical sector, especially fucoidan, alginate, carrageenan, and ulvan. They also possess unique functional properties that expand their applications in food, cosmetics, dermatology, and agribusiness, with agar and alginate being particularly significant contributors. This review includes a detailed bibliometric analysis mapping the scientific landscape of seaweed polysaccharides, revealing a strong focus on macroalgae and their potential applications. It highlights recent advancements, ongoing challenges, and future research directions. This comprehensive overview underscores the immense potential of seaweed-derived polysaccharides, inviting further research, exploration, and innovation in this rapidly evolving field.</p>