Structural, mechanical, thermal, and in-vitro wound healing efficacy of Caesalpinia Bonducella leaf extracts loaded carboxymethylcellulose film
摘要
This study investigates the development of a wound dressing film composed of 10 wt% of Caesalpinia bonducella leaf extract (CBLE) incorporated into a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) matrix. Structural characterization via FTIR and XRD confirmed the presence of functional groups and nanocrystalline features, with a crystallite size of approximately 2.02 nm. Thermal analyses (TGA and DSC) demonstrated thermal stability with a decomposition onset around 250 °C and residual mass of ~ 85.3% at 600 °C. Mechanical testing revealed a tensile strength of 3.82 MPa, a yield force of 76.49 N, and a modulus of elasticity of 0.056 GPa. Antibacterial evaluation using the agar well diffusion method showed a maximum zone of inhibition of 14 mm at 30 µl concentration against both Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96) and Escherichia coli (MTCC 443). Cytotoxicity studies using L929 fibroblast cells indicated a maximum cell viability of 89.35% and minimum cytotoxicity of 10.65% at 5 µl concentration. In-vitro scratch assays demonstrated accelerated wound closure within 24 h due to enhanced cell migrations. Drug release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer–Peppas model with an R² of 0.9373, indicating diffusion-controlled release. These findings highlight the CBLELCFs multifunctionality, biocompatibility, and potential as a cost-effective, natural alternative for advanced wound healing applications.