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<p>In this study, chitosan CS: PVP blend polymer electrolytes were synthesized via the solution casting method, incorporating lithium nitrate (LiNO<sub>3</sub>) as an ionic source at varying concentrations. The effects of LiNO<sub>3</sub> concentration on the electrical properties of the CS: PVP system were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD analysis demonstrated that increasing LiNO<sub>3</sub> concentrations led to reduce in crystallinity, as evidenced by the broadening of diffraction peaks around 20° (2θ). This reduction is advantageous for ionic conductivity, facilitating greater segmental mobility within the polymer matrix. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of polymer-salt complexes, indicated by shifts in characteristic vibrational bands, suggesting successful interactions between LiNO<sub>3</sub> and the polymer blend. Enhanced hydrogen bonding and polymer chain interactions were evidenced by increased intensities of O-H and C-H vibrational bands upon salt addition. EIS analysis revealed that the DC conductivity increased from 9.66<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\times {10^{ - 10}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>S/cm to 1.19<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\times {10^{ - 6}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> S/cm with increasing LiNO₃ content. Frequency-dependent dielectric parameters, including the dielectric constant (<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varepsilon '\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and dielectric loss (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\varepsilon ''\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), exhibited higher values at elevated salt concentrations in the low-frequency region, while stabilizing at higher frequencies. This behavior indicates that LiNO<sub>3</sub> enhances ion conductivity and polarization within the CS: PVP films. Electrical modulus analysis further suggested that LiNO<sub>3</sub> incorporation significantly enhances the flexibility and ion mobility of the polymer electrolytes, rendering them suitable for advanced applications in electrochemical devices.</p>

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Enhanced ionic conductivity and electrochemical performance of LiNO3-doped chitosan: PVP blended polymer electrolyte: optimization and characterization

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Safar Saeed Mohammed,
  • Ayoub Sabir Karim

摘要

In this study, chitosan CS: PVP blend polymer electrolytes were synthesized via the solution casting method, incorporating lithium nitrate (LiNO3) as an ionic source at varying concentrations. The effects of LiNO3 concentration on the electrical properties of the CS: PVP system were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). XRD analysis demonstrated that increasing LiNO3 concentrations led to reduce in crystallinity, as evidenced by the broadening of diffraction peaks around 20° (2θ). This reduction is advantageous for ionic conductivity, facilitating greater segmental mobility within the polymer matrix. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of polymer-salt complexes, indicated by shifts in characteristic vibrational bands, suggesting successful interactions between LiNO3 and the polymer blend. Enhanced hydrogen bonding and polymer chain interactions were evidenced by increased intensities of O-H and C-H vibrational bands upon salt addition. EIS analysis revealed that the DC conductivity increased from 9.66 \(\times {10^{ - 10}}\) S/cm to 1.19 \(\times {10^{ - 6}}\) S/cm with increasing LiNO₃ content. Frequency-dependent dielectric parameters, including the dielectric constant ( \(\varepsilon '\) ) and dielectric loss ( \(\varepsilon ''\) ), exhibited higher values at elevated salt concentrations in the low-frequency region, while stabilizing at higher frequencies. This behavior indicates that LiNO3 enhances ion conductivity and polarization within the CS: PVP films. Electrical modulus analysis further suggested that LiNO3 incorporation significantly enhances the flexibility and ion mobility of the polymer electrolytes, rendering them suitable for advanced applications in electrochemical devices.