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<p>In this study, we report on the fabrication and characterization of capacitive humidity sensors based on multilayered polyelectrolyte films composed of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) (QP4VP). Utilizing a spin-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method, uniform and tunable thin films were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. NaCMC, a biocompatible anionic polyelectrolyte with strong hydrophilic properties, and QP4VP, a cationic synthetic polyelectrolyte, were selected for their complementary charge interactions and favorable film-forming capabilities. The influence of NaCMC concentration (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, and 2 wt%) on the sensor’s performance was investigated through electrical, structural, and morphological characterizations. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed significant differences in surface roughness, with the 1 wt% NaCMC film exhibiting the highest root mean square (RMS) roughness, which correlated with enhanced humidity sensitivity. Capacitance measurements showed that sensors with 1 wt% NaCMC responded sharply to relative humidity levels above 80% RH, while those with 2 wt% displayed a more stable and linear response with minimal hysteresis. The optimal sensor exhibited a fast response time of 35&#xa0;s and a recovery time of 45&#xa0;s. These results demonstrate that NaCMC/QP4VP multilayered polyelectrolyte films offer a promising route toward the development of flexible, low-cost, and environmentally friendly humidity sensors with high sensitivity and reliable performance.</p>

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Fabrication of humidity sensors based on layer-by-layer self-assembly of carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt and quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月10日

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  • Leyla Mehiaoui,
  • Khouloud jlassi,
  • Shoaib Mallick,
  • Lahcene Tennouga,
  • Mohamed M. Chehimi,
  • Brahim Bouras

摘要

In this study, we report on the fabrication and characterization of capacitive humidity sensors based on multilayered polyelectrolyte films composed of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and quaternized poly(4-vinylpyridine) (QP4VP). Utilizing a spin-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method, uniform and tunable thin films were deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. NaCMC, a biocompatible anionic polyelectrolyte with strong hydrophilic properties, and QP4VP, a cationic synthetic polyelectrolyte, were selected for their complementary charge interactions and favorable film-forming capabilities. The influence of NaCMC concentration (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, and 2 wt%) on the sensor’s performance was investigated through electrical, structural, and morphological characterizations. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed significant differences in surface roughness, with the 1 wt% NaCMC film exhibiting the highest root mean square (RMS) roughness, which correlated with enhanced humidity sensitivity. Capacitance measurements showed that sensors with 1 wt% NaCMC responded sharply to relative humidity levels above 80% RH, while those with 2 wt% displayed a more stable and linear response with minimal hysteresis. The optimal sensor exhibited a fast response time of 35 s and a recovery time of 45 s. These results demonstrate that NaCMC/QP4VP multilayered polyelectrolyte films offer a promising route toward the development of flexible, low-cost, and environmentally friendly humidity sensors with high sensitivity and reliable performance.