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<p>In this investigation, vinyl ester-based composites reinforced with strawberry leaf-derived cellulose particles, glass fiber, and bamboo fiber were successfully fabricated using the hand lay-up method. The mechanical, fatigue, creep, and thermal conductivity properties of the composites were evaluated in accordance with ASTM standards. Initially, cellulose particles were extracted from strawberry leaves through a series of chemical treatments, and their successful isolation was confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The experimental results revealed that the concentration of cellulose particles significantly influenced the overall performance of the composites when compared to the unreinforced resin. Among all formulations, the composite containing 20/20 vol% of glass and bamboo fibers and 2.5 vol% of cellulose exhibited the highest mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 142&#xa0;MPa, a flexural strength of 165&#xa0;MPa, and an impact energy absorption of 4.42&#xa0;J. This composite also demonstrated superior fatigue resistance, withstanding 24,725, 23,928, and 22,716 cycles under 25%, 50%, and 75% of the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), respectively.Conversely, the composite reinforced with a higher cellulose content (20/20 vol% glass/bamboo fiber and 4.5 vol% cellulose) showed the best creep resistance, recording the lowest creep strain values of 0.0068, 0.0238, and 0.0468 at 5000&#xa0;s, 10,000&#xa0;s, and 15,000&#xa0;s, respectively. This formulation also achieved the highest surface hardness value of 95 Shore D.In terms of thermal performance, the glass fiber-only composite exhibited the highest thermal conductivity due to the superior heat conduction properties of glass fiber compared to cellulose-filled systems. Finally, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was conducted to examine the fractured surfaces, providing insight into the mechanical damage mechanisms and surface topography of the tested composites.</p>

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Mechanical and thermal analysis of hybrid vinyl ester composites with bamboo/glass mat and strawberry leaf cellulose reinforcement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月6日

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  • P. Anto Paulin Merinto,
  • G. Antony Miraculas

摘要

In this investigation, vinyl ester-based composites reinforced with strawberry leaf-derived cellulose particles, glass fiber, and bamboo fiber were successfully fabricated using the hand lay-up method. The mechanical, fatigue, creep, and thermal conductivity properties of the composites were evaluated in accordance with ASTM standards. Initially, cellulose particles were extracted from strawberry leaves through a series of chemical treatments, and their successful isolation was confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The experimental results revealed that the concentration of cellulose particles significantly influenced the overall performance of the composites when compared to the unreinforced resin. Among all formulations, the composite containing 20/20 vol% of glass and bamboo fibers and 2.5 vol% of cellulose exhibited the highest mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 142 MPa, a flexural strength of 165 MPa, and an impact energy absorption of 4.42 J. This composite also demonstrated superior fatigue resistance, withstanding 24,725, 23,928, and 22,716 cycles under 25%, 50%, and 75% of the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), respectively.Conversely, the composite reinforced with a higher cellulose content (20/20 vol% glass/bamboo fiber and 4.5 vol% cellulose) showed the best creep resistance, recording the lowest creep strain values of 0.0068, 0.0238, and 0.0468 at 5000 s, 10,000 s, and 15,000 s, respectively. This formulation also achieved the highest surface hardness value of 95 Shore D.In terms of thermal performance, the glass fiber-only composite exhibited the highest thermal conductivity due to the superior heat conduction properties of glass fiber compared to cellulose-filled systems. Finally, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was conducted to examine the fractured surfaces, providing insight into the mechanical damage mechanisms and surface topography of the tested composites.