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<p>The mechanical and functional performances of epoxy-based composites reinforced with cluster bean stem microfibers and balloon vine stem-derived lignin were evaluated through tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, fatigue, creep, and water absorption tests, conducted in accordance with relevant ASTM standards. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the effect of silane surface treatment on the overall performance of the composites. Reinforcing materials were treated using 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (3-GPTMS), and composites were fabricated via the conventional hand lay-up technique. The performance of both untreated and silane-treated composites was compared to a reference sample made with 100 vol% epoxy resin to assess the effectiveness of silane treatment. Among the tested samples, the silane-treated composite MF12 exhibited superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 135&#xa0;MPa, flexural strength of 160&#xa0;MPa, and impact energy absorption of 4.65&#xa0;J. In terms of fatigue performance, MF12 also showed the longest fatigue life, withstanding 25,090 cycles at 25% UTS, 27,058 cycles at 50% UTS, and 26,672 cycles at 75% UTS. The failure mechanisms under mechanical loading were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing improved fiber-matrix interaction in the treated composites. Additionally, the silane-treated composite MF23 demonstrated excellent creep resistance, with the lowest recorded creep strain values of 0.0035 at 5000&#xa0;s, 0.0118 at 10,000&#xa0;s, and 0.0126 at 15,000&#xa0;s, along with a high surface hardness of 94 Shore D and lowest water absorption percentage of 2.8%.</p>

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Mechanical and functional performance of epoxy composites reinforced with cluster bean fibers and balloon vine stem lignin

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • P. Sathish Kumar,
  • R. Soundararajan,
  • R. Raffik,
  • L. Feroz Ali

摘要

The mechanical and functional performances of epoxy-based composites reinforced with cluster bean stem microfibers and balloon vine stem-derived lignin were evaluated through tensile, flexural, impact, hardness, fatigue, creep, and water absorption tests, conducted in accordance with relevant ASTM standards. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the effect of silane surface treatment on the overall performance of the composites. Reinforcing materials were treated using 3-glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (3-GPTMS), and composites were fabricated via the conventional hand lay-up technique. The performance of both untreated and silane-treated composites was compared to a reference sample made with 100 vol% epoxy resin to assess the effectiveness of silane treatment. Among the tested samples, the silane-treated composite MF12 exhibited superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 135 MPa, flexural strength of 160 MPa, and impact energy absorption of 4.65 J. In terms of fatigue performance, MF12 also showed the longest fatigue life, withstanding 25,090 cycles at 25% UTS, 27,058 cycles at 50% UTS, and 26,672 cycles at 75% UTS. The failure mechanisms under mechanical loading were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing improved fiber-matrix interaction in the treated composites. Additionally, the silane-treated composite MF23 demonstrated excellent creep resistance, with the lowest recorded creep strain values of 0.0035 at 5000 s, 0.0118 at 10,000 s, and 0.0126 at 15,000 s, along with a high surface hardness of 94 Shore D and lowest water absorption percentage of 2.8%.