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<p>The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has prompted a shift toward advanced therapeutic strategies beyond conventional antibiotics. This review explores peptide-based nanocarrier systems that integrate the functional versatility of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with the delivery precision of smart nanotechnology. It discusses how these systems are engineered to overcome enzymatic degradation, enhance bioavailability, and achieve site-specific targeting in resistant infections. Key design principles, including stimuli-responsive behaviour, bioinspired architecture, and conjugation chemistry, are critically examined. The multifunctional roles of nano-peptide systems in disrupting biofilms, modulating host immunity, and enabling theranostic applications are highlighted. Furthermore, the review evaluates clinical translation challenges related to stability, immunogenicity, scalability, and regulatory approval. Emerging approaches such as AI-assisted peptide design and omics-based personalisation are also discussed, positioning nano-peptide platforms as modular, next-generation tools in the global fight against AMR.</p> Graphical abstract <p>Innovative strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through advanced technologies: AI-guided peptide design enables predictive and generative modelling of antimicrobial peptides; bioinspired biomaterials like adaptive nanoparticles facilitate targeted infection site delivery; and personalised AMR therapy leverages resistance gene profiling and multi-omic data to tailor peptide-based therapeutics.</p>

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Nano-peptide platforms for drug delivery and antimicrobial resistance: designing smart systems to outwit superbugs

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月15日

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  • Samaa Abdullah,
  • Esra Malkawi,
  • Saif Al-Rejjal,
  • Marya Burhan Ahmed Eid

摘要

The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has prompted a shift toward advanced therapeutic strategies beyond conventional antibiotics. This review explores peptide-based nanocarrier systems that integrate the functional versatility of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with the delivery precision of smart nanotechnology. It discusses how these systems are engineered to overcome enzymatic degradation, enhance bioavailability, and achieve site-specific targeting in resistant infections. Key design principles, including stimuli-responsive behaviour, bioinspired architecture, and conjugation chemistry, are critically examined. The multifunctional roles of nano-peptide systems in disrupting biofilms, modulating host immunity, and enabling theranostic applications are highlighted. Furthermore, the review evaluates clinical translation challenges related to stability, immunogenicity, scalability, and regulatory approval. Emerging approaches such as AI-assisted peptide design and omics-based personalisation are also discussed, positioning nano-peptide platforms as modular, next-generation tools in the global fight against AMR.

Graphical abstract

Innovative strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through advanced technologies: AI-guided peptide design enables predictive and generative modelling of antimicrobial peptides; bioinspired biomaterials like adaptive nanoparticles facilitate targeted infection site delivery; and personalised AMR therapy leverages resistance gene profiling and multi-omic data to tailor peptide-based therapeutics.