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<p>The increasing prevalence of dye contamination of wastewater is of severe environmental and health implications, thus requiring efficient and sustainable treatment technologies. Renewable and biodegradable biopolymer polysaccharide carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has tunable surface chemistry, hydrophilicity, and environmental compatibility, which makes it a potential candidate for the adsorption of dyes. Recent studies have shown that CMC-based nanocomposites with metal oxides, carbon nanostructures, or polymeric modifiers exhibit significantly improved performance, with adsorption values typically ranging from 150 to 800&#xa0;mg g⁻¹ and rapid kinetics occurring within minutes to hours. All of these advances have higher surface area, porosity, and accessibility of functional groups, hence greater electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interaction between CMC and dye molecules. The survey encompasses the latest developments in synthesis and functionalization methods, adsorption processes, and the regeneration ability of CMC nanocomposites. Additionally, the currently prevailing issues of mass production, recyclability, and secondary pollution risk are also highlighted. Lastly, it touches on future aims with a focus on sustainable and eco-friendly synthesis methods, multi-functionalized hybrid architecture, and integration of CMC-based adsorbents with innovative wastewater treatment technologies for high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and eco-sustainability.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Recent developments and prospects for the use of carboxymethyl cellulose-based nanocomposites in wastewater dye removal

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Noureddine El Messaoudi,
  • Youssef Miyah,
  • Mohammed Benjelloun,
  • Khadija Bahend,
  • Jordana Georgin,
  • Dison S. P. Franco,
  • Heri Septya Kusuma,
  • Salah Knani

摘要

The increasing prevalence of dye contamination of wastewater is of severe environmental and health implications, thus requiring efficient and sustainable treatment technologies. Renewable and biodegradable biopolymer polysaccharide carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has tunable surface chemistry, hydrophilicity, and environmental compatibility, which makes it a potential candidate for the adsorption of dyes. Recent studies have shown that CMC-based nanocomposites with metal oxides, carbon nanostructures, or polymeric modifiers exhibit significantly improved performance, with adsorption values typically ranging from 150 to 800 mg g⁻¹ and rapid kinetics occurring within minutes to hours. All of these advances have higher surface area, porosity, and accessibility of functional groups, hence greater electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, and π–π interaction between CMC and dye molecules. The survey encompasses the latest developments in synthesis and functionalization methods, adsorption processes, and the regeneration ability of CMC nanocomposites. Additionally, the currently prevailing issues of mass production, recyclability, and secondary pollution risk are also highlighted. Lastly, it touches on future aims with a focus on sustainable and eco-friendly synthesis methods, multi-functionalized hybrid architecture, and integration of CMC-based adsorbents with innovative wastewater treatment technologies for high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and eco-sustainability.

Graphical Abstract