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<p>Systematic design of multifunctional wound dressing materials is a combinatorial process requiring a harmonious union of biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and structural stability. This research involves the production of natural-based electrospun nanofiber hydrogels using chitosan (CS) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) via electrospinning, combined with controlled vapor-phase glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking. This method has not been systematically investigated before. We modified the formulations of electrospun nanofiber hydrogels to enhance biological performance by adjusting the amount of CS and the crosslinking duration. All samples were initially characterized through chemical analyses (Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction (XRD)) and physical analyses (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), fiber diameter, pore size and swelling tests) before conducting biological evaluations. Extensive in vitro tests, including 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assays, scratch wound healing models, and antibacterial assessments against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, were conducted using the <i>Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK293)</i> embryonic kidney cell line, chosen for its strong cellular adhesion and proliferation qualities suitable for initial biocompatibility testing. The %10CS+%3PEO-1&#xa0;h electrospun nanofiber hydrogel crosslinked for an hour exhibited the most favorable profile, achieving &gt; 94.9% cell viability, approximately 47% wound area closure after 24&#xa0;h, and significant antibacterial activity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Prolonged crosslinking (6&#xa0;h) compromised biocompatibility, highlighting the role of crosslinking time in regulating cellular response. Although quantitative cell migration rates were not measured due to experimental limitations, qualitative assessments clearly indicated improved wound closure. This study shows that CS/PEO electrospun nanofiber hydrogels, when properly adjusted, can act as advanced wound healing materials with targeted antibacterial properties. The method highlights key formulation details for different functions of hydrogel-based electrospun nanofibers, providing a simple way to produce them for medical uses like tissue repair and infection prevention.</p>

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Electrospun chitosan/poly(ethylene oxide) nanofiber hydrogels with tunable glutaraldehyde crosslinking for wound healing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月3日

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  • Fatma Tezcan,
  • Ramazan Donat,
  • Koray Şarkaya

摘要

Systematic design of multifunctional wound dressing materials is a combinatorial process requiring a harmonious union of biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and structural stability. This research involves the production of natural-based electrospun nanofiber hydrogels using chitosan (CS) and poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) via electrospinning, combined with controlled vapor-phase glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linking. This method has not been systematically investigated before. We modified the formulations of electrospun nanofiber hydrogels to enhance biological performance by adjusting the amount of CS and the crosslinking duration. All samples were initially characterized through chemical analyses (Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction (XRD)) and physical analyses (Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), fiber diameter, pore size and swelling tests) before conducting biological evaluations. Extensive in vitro tests, including 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assays, scratch wound healing models, and antibacterial assessments against Staphylococcus aureus, were conducted using the Human Embryonic Kidney 293 (HEK293) embryonic kidney cell line, chosen for its strong cellular adhesion and proliferation qualities suitable for initial biocompatibility testing. The %10CS+%3PEO-1 h electrospun nanofiber hydrogel crosslinked for an hour exhibited the most favorable profile, achieving > 94.9% cell viability, approximately 47% wound area closure after 24 h, and significant antibacterial activity (p < 0.05). Prolonged crosslinking (6 h) compromised biocompatibility, highlighting the role of crosslinking time in regulating cellular response. Although quantitative cell migration rates were not measured due to experimental limitations, qualitative assessments clearly indicated improved wound closure. This study shows that CS/PEO electrospun nanofiber hydrogels, when properly adjusted, can act as advanced wound healing materials with targeted antibacterial properties. The method highlights key formulation details for different functions of hydrogel-based electrospun nanofibers, providing a simple way to produce them for medical uses like tissue repair and infection prevention.